Table 1.

Sociodemographic Characteristics of Mother and Daughter Participants at the Initial Assessment Baseline Visit

Characteristic	Mothers (N = 149) Mean ± SD (min-max) or n (%)	Daughters (N = 149) Mean ± SD (min-max) or n (%)
Type of site
Reservation	68 (45.6)	—
Urban	81 (54.4)	—
Age (y)	44.1 ± 9.3 (18.3–75.2)	16.7 ± 3.0 (12.0–24.5)
Race and ethnicity
American Indian	129 (87.2)	118 (79.2)
Alaska Native	1 (0.7)	0 (0.0)
White	6 (4.0)	8 (5.4)
Black or African American	8 (5.4)	14 (9.4)
Hispanic or Latino	2 (1.4)	2 (1.3)
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander	0 (0.0)	2 (1.3)
Other	2 (1.4)	5 (3.4)
More than one racial/ethnic background: yes	75 (50.3)	70 (56.0)
Highest grade completed
8th grade or less	0 (0.0)	39 (26.2)
Some high school	5 (3.4)	66 (44.3)
High school graduate or GED	20 (13.4)	21 (14.1)
Vocational or some college	56 (37.6)	18 (12.1)
Associate’s degree	30 (20.1)	4 (2.7)
Bachelor’s degree	25 (16.8)	1 (0.7)
Graduate degree	10 (8.7)	0 (0.0)
Currently a student	—	133 (89.3)
Household income
<$10 000	12 (8.8)	—
$10 000 – <$20 000	16 (11.8)	—
$20 000 – <$30 000	14 (10.3)	—
$30 000 – <$40 000	14 (10.3)	—
$40 000 – <$50 000	18 (13.2)	—
$50 000 – <$75 000	33 (24.3)	—
≥$75 000	29 (21.3)	—
Unknown	13 (8.7)	—
Employment status: employed	103 (69.6)	41 (27.7)
Marital status
Single	37 (24.8)	146 (98.0)
Married/partnered	87 (58.4)	0 (0.0)
Separated, divorced, or widowed	25 (16.8)	3 (2.0)
Health insurance: yes	124 (83.2)	100 (92.6)
Private health insurance or HMO	68 (54.8)	17 (17.0)
Medicaid or medical assistance	46 (37.1)	29 (29.0)
Other	14 (11.3)	12 (12.0)
Unsure	2 (1.6)	36 (36.0)
Relationship with participating AYA
Mother	120 (80.5)	—
Grandmother	12 (8.1)	—
Aunt	7 (4.7)	—
Other	10 (6.7)	—
Diabetes experience
Gestational diabetes	29 (19.5)	—
Type 1 or 2 diabetes	23 (15.4)	—
Type 2 diabetes	21 (14.1)	—

Abbreviation: AYA, adolescent or young adult.