Table 2.
Diabetes-Related Constructs for Mother and Daughter Participants and Behavioral Outcomes for Daughters at the Initial Assessment at the Baseline Visit
| Construct | Mothers (N = 149) Mean ± SD (min-max) |
Daughters (N = 149) Mean ± SD (min-max) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Knowledge | |||
| Diabetes prevention | 74.7 ± 15.9 (18.2–100.0) | 57.6 ± 16.7 (0.0–100.0) | <.001 |
| RH | 86.0 ± 15.9 (0.0–100.0) | 56.9 ± 26.3 (0.0–100.0) | <.001 |
| GDM | 49.2 ± 20.9 (0.0–71.4) | 20.9 ± 20.4 (0.0–71.4) | <.001 |
|
| |||
| Expanded health belief model constructs | |||
| Perceived susceptibility (GDM-related) | 8.9 ± 4.0 (3.0–15.0) | 7.0 ± 3.8 (3.0–15.0) | <.001 |
| Perceived severity (GDM-related) | 13.8 ± 2.1 (5.0–15.0) | 14.0 ± 1.7 (6.0–15.0) | .273 |
| Perceived benefits (GDM-related) | 18.9 ± 1.9 (11.0–20.0) | 16.7 ± 3.5 (4.0–20.0) | <.001 |
| Perceived barriers (GDM-related) | 4.9 ± 2.2 (2.0–10.0) | 4.8 ± 2.1 (2.0–10.0) | .624 |
| Intention (GDM-related), n = 145 | — | 4.4 ± 2.3 (1.0–7.0) | — |
| Intention (family planning; n = 142) | — | 17.7 ± 5.1 (4.0–28.0) | — |
| Self-efficacy | |||
| Family planning (n = 146) | — | 69.8 ± 22.3 (9.0–90.0) | — |
| Healthy living (n = 141) | — | 48.2 ± 13.9 (8.0–76.0) | — |
| Pregnancy planning (n = 143) | — | 85.4 ± 22.3 (24.0–120.0) | — |
|
| |||
| Communication | |||
| Parent-adolescent communication | |||
| Degree of openness | 41.2 ± 7.8 (11.0–50.0) | 37.4 ± 9.5 (10.0–50.0) | <.001 |
| GDM and RH communication | |||
| Intention to initiate discussion (total) | 28.3 ± 11.0 (6.0–42.0) | 20.6 ± 10.7 (6.0–42.0) | <.001 |
| Intention to initiate discussion (HCP) | 12.7 ± 6.5 (3.0–21.0) | 9.8 ± 5.9 (3.0–21.0) | <.001 |
| Intention to initiate discussion (dyad member) | 15.6 ± 5.5 (3.0–21.0) | 10.7 ± 5.9 (3.0–21.0) | <.001 |
| Actual initiation of discussion with HCP (GDM) | 2.2 ± 1.4 (0.0–4.0) | 1.8 ± 1.4 (0.0–4.0) | .008 |
| Actual initiation of discussion with HCP (RH) | 1.0 ± 1.2 (0.0–4.0) | 0.9 ± 1.2 (0.0–4.0) | .906 |
| Actual initiation of discussion with dyad member (GDM) | 2.9 ± 0.9 (0.0–4.0) | 2.3 ± 1.3 (0.0–4.0) | <.001 |
| Actual initiation of discussion with HCP (RH) | 2.0 ± 1.3 (0.0–4.0) | 1.3 ± 1.3 (0.0–4.0) | <.001 |
|
| |||
| Health behaviors | |||
| Eating healthfully (n = 145) | — | 9.0 ± 5.6 (0.0–31.0) | — |
| Physical activity (n = 145) | — | 3.4 ± 2.2 (0.0–7.0) | — |
|
| |||
| Clinical outcomes | |||
| A1C, % (n = 141) | — | 5.3 ± 0.3 (4.5–6.0) | — |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (n = 146) | — | 28.2 ± 8.0 (14.5–53.9) | — |
Abbreviations: GDM, gestational diabetes; HCP, health care provider; RH, reproductive health.