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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 May 2.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care. 2023 Jun 18;49(4):267–280. doi: 10.1177/26350106231178837

Table 4.

Reproductive Health Behavioral Outcomes for Daughters at the Initial Assessment Baseline Visit

Construct Daughters (N = 149)
Mean ± SD (min-max) or n (%)
Sexually active = 49
Daughter’s age (<16 y, ≥16 y) (N = 149)
r, P value

Major source of RH information .294, .258
 Parents 51 (35.9)
 Health care providers 23 (16.2)
 Sex education class 17 (12.0)
 Other 51 (35.9)

PC
 Ever received PC 3 (2.6) .026, .999
 Types of PC received or given
  Information about how to keep from getting pregnant 121 (89.0) .218, .013
  Information about how important it is to plan a pregnancy 82 (65.1) .027, .851
  Advice about what to use to keep from getting pregnant 116 (87.2) .351, <.001
  Tests for health problems 100 (80.6) .138, .165
  Advice about healthy weight 109 (80.7) .021, .830
  Information about pregnancy 106 (78.5) .165, .060
  Advice about not smoking and not drinking 130 (90.3) .032, .781
  Pregnancy test 51 (38.6) .229, .011
  Gynecological exam 27 (22.0) .102, .276
  Advice about pregnancy care 40 (31.7) .063, .562
  Advice about how to lower stress 60 (48.4) .038, .718

RH behavior
 Ever sexually active 49 (33.1) .351, <.001
 Age of sexual debut, y (n = 46) 15.0 ± 2.4 .574, <.001
 Ever pregnant 7 (14.9) .204, .318
 Always use BC 21 (44.7)
 Always use condom with BC 10 (21.3)

Risky behavior
 Frequency of sex in the last 3 mo 6.6 ± 9.6 (1.0–40) .062, .809
 No. of partners in the last 3 mo 1.2 ± 0.5 (1.0–3.0) .121, .999
 Ever had sex without BC 29 (61.7) .062, .716

BC use
 Ever used BC 42 (91.3) .586, .001
 Types of BC ever used
  BC pills 18 (37.5) .185, .282
  Depo shot 11 (22.9) .280, .089
  Patch 1 (2.1) .075, .999
  Vaginal ring 2 (4.2) .107, .999
  IUD 2 (4.2) .107, .999
  Condoms 31 (64.6) .264, .134
  Withdrawal 19 (39.6) −.004, .999
  Implant in the arm 12 (25.0) .178, .414
  Plan B (emergency contraception) 9 (18.8) .246, .172

Abbreviations: BC, birth control; PC, preconception counseling; RH, reproductive health.