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. 2025 Apr 17;27:e68479. doi: 10.2196/68479

Table 2.

Summary of participant characteristics.

Study Sample size (baseline), n Controls, n Sex, n Age (y), mean (SD) Disease phenotype, n Symptom duration at baseline (mo), median and range ALSFRS-Ra total score at baseline, mean (SD)

Male Female
van Eijk et al [24] MNDb: 42 c 31 11 60 (12) MND subtypes: ALSd: 39; progressive muscular atrophy: 3; and primary lateral sclerosis: 0 25 (7-218) 36 (8)
Garcia-Gancedo et al [20] ALS: 25 21 4 53.1 (9.93) Phenotype at onset: upper limb: 15; lower limb: 6; upper limb and lower limb: 2; and bulbar=2 Reported in 22 participants as <18 months 41.6 (4.98)
Kelly et al [22] ALS: 25 21 4 53.1 (9.93) Phenotype at onset: upper limb: 15; lower limb: 6; upper limb and lower limb: 2; and bulbar: 2 <3 months: n=3; 3-6 months: n=8; 6-12 months: n=9; 1 year-18 months: n=2; and missing data: n=3 41.6 (4.98)
Rutkove et al [21] ALS: 75 (111 consented, and 75 began contributing data) 25 (30 consented and 25 began contributing data) Baseline characteristicse MND: 65 and controls: 9 Baseline characteristicse MNDb: 42 and controls: 20 60 (30-80)f and controls: 51 (27-79)f 34 (9-43)f
Rutkove et al [23] ALS: 72 (113 enrolled and 72 provided data at least once) 50 22 60.1 (9.9) Not disclosed Not disclosed 36.1 (no SD reported)
Karas et al [25] ALS=45 29 16 60.1 (10.7) Symptom onset site: nonbulbar: 31; bulbar: 8; and unknown or not reported: 6 50 (93-281) and unknown or not reported: n=6 36.0 (6.2)
Holdom et al [26] MND wrist: 97 and hipg: 42 58 MND wrist: 75; MND hipg: 31; and controls wrist: 29 MND wrist: 22, MND hipg: 11; and controls wrist: 29 MND wrist: 60.69 (IQR 12.55); MND hipg: 61.28 (IQR 15.74); and controls wrist: 55.33 (IQR 16.11) MND subtype: wrist: ALS: 87; progressive muscular atrophy: 1; primary lateral sclerosis: 6; and hipg: ALS: 39, progressive muscular atrophy: 3, and primary lateral sclerosis: 0 MND wrist: 21.31 (IQR 13.27) and MND hipg: 24.92 (IQR 21.39) Wrist: 38 (IQR 9) and hipg: 38 (IQR 12)
Johnson et al [27] ALS: 46 enrolled, 40 met the analysis sample criteria Total: 25; wrist cohort: 12; and ankle cohort: 13 Total: 15; wrist cohort: 8; and ankle cohort: 7 Total: 61.8 (12.0); wrist cohort: 62.9 (13.4); and ankle cohort: 60.6 (10.7) Total: 31.4 (8.1); wrist cohort: 31.4 (8.6); and ankle cohort: 31.4 (7.9)
Gupta et al [28] ALS: 376 26 ALS: 247 and controls: 14 ALS: 129 and controls: 12 ALS: 57 (21-79)e and 33 (20-67)f First symptoms include: upper limb: 159; lower limb: 164; bulbar symptoms: 75; and respiratory symptoms: 9 22.8 (0-246.3) 41 (14-48)f
van Unnik et al [29] ALS: 97 (2 cohorts); first cohortg: 42) and second cohort: 55 Both cohorts: 68; first cohortg: 31 and second cohort: 37 Both cohorts: 29; first cohortg: 11 and second cohort: 18 Both cohorts: 60.5 (11.1); first cohortg:59.9 (11.6); and second cohort: 61 (10.7) Both cohorts: ALS: 94; progressive muscular atrophy: 3; first cohortg: ALS: 39; progressive muscular atrophy: 3; and second cohort ALS: 55 Both cohorts: 22.1 (2.2-217.9; First cohortg: 24.9 (6.9-217.9) and second cohort: 18.5 (2.2-93.9) Both cohorts: 37.9 (6.8); first cohortg: 36.3 (8.1); and second cohort: 39.1 (5.3)
Beswick et al [30] MNDb: 10 8 8 2 62 (12) ALS: 5; primary lateral sclerosis: 2; and not disclosed: 3 Survival length: long survivor (>8 years): n=2 40 (6)
Straczkiewicz et al [31] ALS: 20h 12h 8i 61.4 (10.6)h Not disclosedc Not disclosedc No baseline reported-estimated baseline total score: 34.4 (30.4-38.3)h

aALSFRS-R: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised.

bMND: motor neuron disease.

cNot available.

dALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

eData taken from Rutkove et al [21] baseline data for the entire group of individuals enrolled.

fData reported as median and range.

gAs van Eijk et al [24].

hAs Johnson et al [27] wrist cohort.