Table 1.
Study characteristics
| Author | country | Study groups (I1/I2/C) |
Sample size (I1/I2/C) |
age (I1/I2/C) |
BMI I1/I2/C |
female (I1/I2/C) |
Supp (dose/form) |
Exercise session/time |
arthroplasty | Follow-up | Outcomes measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alipour 2022 [22] | Iran | 17 AA/Saline | 18/18 | 56±19.6/60±17.3 | NR | NR | 500cc/IV | NR | THA | 1 d | core temperature/MAP/HR |
| Askanazi 1980 [23] | USA | AA/AA+GLU/GLU | 7/8/7 |
56±9/57±9/ 54±14 |
NR | 2/4/3 | 70 g/PO | NR | THA | 5 d | plasma, muscle AA |
| Baldassarro 2016 [24] | Italy | EAA/Maltodextrin | 30/30 |
67.9±7.3/ 65.6±9.5 |
29.8±4.2/ 27.5±3.9 |
16/20 | 8 g/PO | 24/45’ | THA | 14 d |
plasma AA/HB/Transferrin/HHS/ Inflammation rate |
|
Blomqvist 1995 [25] |
Sweden | Glutamine/α-Ketoglutarate/c | 10/10/13 | 68±1/66±2/68±2 |
25.5±1.0/ 24.9±1.3/ 25.3±1.0 |
3/7/6 | 0.28 mg. kg/IV | NR | THA | 1 d |
plasma, muscle AA/ribosome parameters/ blood hormone |
|
Church 2021 [26] |
USA | travasol10%/standard care | 9/13 |
52.2±2.8/ 55.5±3.2 |
28.2±1.8/ 29.5±1.2 |
2/6 | 135 mg.kg.h/IV | NR | THA | 1 d | FSR/FBR/Muscle net balance |
| De sire 2020 [27] | Italy | AA/C | 10/10 |
80.33±6.72/ 77.65±8.40 |
NR | 9/8 | 8 g/PO | 10/40’ | THA | 60 d | serum myostatin |
| Dreyer 2013 [21] | USA | EAA/Alanine | 16/12 | 68 ± 5/70 ± 5 | 34 ± 7/29 ± 3 | 11/8 | 40 g/PO | NR | TKA | 42 d | quadriceps/hamstring area |
|
Dreyer 2018 [35] |
USA | EAA/Alanine | 19/20 | 64.41 ± 0.94 | 29.78 ± 1.20 | NR | 40 g/PO | 98/NR | TKA | 42 d | quadriceps/hamstring area |
|
Evans 2003 [36] |
UK | Albumin/Gelofusine/Haemaccel/Saline | 13/14/14/14 |
69.2/73.9/73.8/ 69.1 |
NR | 10/7/10/3 | 2L/IV | NR | THA | NR |
Blood aggregation/agglutination /serum albumin/BT/APTT |
| Ikeda 2019 [28] | Japan | BCAA/starch | 18/13 |
75.2±4.9/ 75.6±6.6 |
21.9±4.0/ 25.5±3.7 |
18/13 | 3.4 g/PO | 28/60’ | THA | 30 d | knee extension strength/AMA/HGS/hip abduction strength |
|
Ikeda 2022 [32] |
Japan | Normal strength/Muscle weakness | 71/91 |
64.4±8.6/ 67.1±9.7 |
23.2±3.2/ 24.9±4.5 |
59/78 | NA | NR | THA | 365 d |
hip abductor muscle strength/ knee extension muscle strength/the 10-m timed gait test/HHS/Energy expenditure |
|
Invernizzi 2020 [33] |
Japan | EAA/C | 16/16 |
80.33± 6.72 77.65±8.40 |
23.05±4.77/ 23.15±5.33 |
13/14 | 8 g/PO | 10/40’ | THA | 14 d | HGS/TUG/ILOA |
|
Khalid 2024 [38] |
UK | Protein/C | 33/31 | 75±5/75±5.5 | NR | 25/21 | 20 g/PO | 84/NR | THA/TKA | 84 d | WOMAC/EQ-5D/ICECAP-O/Physical activity level/protein screener55+/ |
|
Li 2024 [39] |
China | Whey protein/Maltodextrin | 36/36 | 66.53 ± 4.14/67.50 ± 3.87 | 24.98 ± 3.44/25.39 ± 2.48 | 24/27 | 30 g/PO | 60/NR | TKA | 84 d |
Knee extension muscle strength/VAS/ ROM/AKS/leg circumference/ |
| Muyskens 2019 [39] | USA | EAA/alanine | 19/22 |
64.95±1.35/ 63.82±1.29 |
29.71±1.00/ 30.66±2.13 |
20/17 | 40 g/PO | NR | TKA | 42 d | energy expenditure/muscle histology/gene expression/muscle stem cell |
|
Ninomiya 2023 [31] |
Japan | Whey protein/C | 29/29 |
70.28 ± 3.26/ 70.86 ± 3.69 |
22.22 ± 2.74/ 23.09 ± 2.02 |
29/29 | 11 g/PO | 168/NR | THA | 84 d | hip abductor muscle strength/knee extensor muscle strength/HGS/quadriceps MT/IMAT/TUG-t/HHS/hip pain/JHEQ point/Alb/Hb/CRP |
|
Nishizaki 2015 [30] |
Japan |
HMG+L-arginine+ L-glutamine/orange juice |
13/10 | 71.1/69.8 | NR | NR | 40.8 g/PO | 15/NR | TKA | 42 d |
energy expenditure/knee extension strength/ length of hospital stay/rectus femoris cross-sectional area/body weight |
|
Ueyama 2023 [37] |
Japan | EAA/lactose powder | 30/30 | 75.9/75.8 | NR | 23/27 | 9 g/PO | NR/120’ | TKA | 28 d | serum alb/RFA/knee pain/quadriceps muscle diameter |
|
Widman 2002 [34] |
Sweden | AA/acetated Ringer | 22/24 | 67±7/67±6 |
25.64/ 26.09 |
11/12 | 2.268 g.h/IV | NR | Primary HA | NR | Body temperature/Blood loss |
I1 intervention 1, I2 intervention 2, C control, sup supplementation, HB hemoglobin, MAP mean arterial pressure, HR heart rate, AA amino acid, GLU glucose, EAA essential amino acid, AMA upper arm muscle cross-sectional area, HHS Harris hip score, FSR fractional, WOMAC The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, EQ-5D EuroQol-5 Dimension 5-level, ICECAP-O ICECAP-O: ICEpop Capability Measure for Older People, VAS visual analog scale, AKS American knee society scale