Table 1. Characteristics of the included studies.
|
First author (year) |
Country |
Study design |
Participants n of the defined |
Age years |
Gender n of men, (%) |
|
Salimi et al.14 (2023) |
Iran |
Experimental |
16 healthy volunteers |
30 (IQR 25-38) |
7 (44) |
|
Mollakazemi et al.15 (2023) |
USA |
Experimental |
12 healthy individuals |
18-35 |
6 (50) |
|
Zaccaro et al.16 (2022) |
Italy |
Experimental |
12 healthy volunteers |
48±12 |
3 (25) |
|
Jung and Kang21 (2021) |
Korea |
Experimental |
22 healthy volunteers |
22.27±1.42 |
10 (45) |
|
Hong et al.22 (2021) |
Korea |
Experimental |
20 healthy volunteers |
23.7±2.28 |
7 (35) |
|
Lee et al.10 (2020) |
Korea |
Experimental |
20 healthy volunteers |
23.7±2.28 |
7 (35) |
|
Zelano et al.23 (2016) |
USA |
Experimental |
8 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy |
48 (IQR 29-59) |
8 (100) |
|
Trevisan et al.6 (2015) |
Brazil |
Cross-sectional |
39 healthy volunteers (NB) 38 healthy volunteers |
22.6±2.9 22.7±3.5 |
11 (28) 13 (34) |
|
Ribeiro et al.26 (2004) |
Brazil |
Experimental |
46 healthy children |
8-12 |
33 (72) |
|
Tafil-Klawe and Klawe27 (2003) |
Poland |
Experimental |
35 healthy volunteers 35 healthy volunteers |
20-30 41-55 |
N/A N/A |
|
Takahashi et al.28 (2002) |
Japan |
Experimental |
10 healthy volunteers |
28.6±2.3 |
10 (100) |
IQR: interquartile range, NB: nasal breathing, OB: oral breathing, N/A: not available