Table 3. Etiologies and treatments of 279 chronic cough patients. Diagnosis and treatment were based on pathophysiological diagnosis. Additional treatments for complete cough resolution are listed separately although there is some overlap with original treatment in some cases.
|
Etiology |
N |
Specific treatments |
Additional treatments (n = number of cases) |
|
Single cause |
86 |
- |
- |
|
AC |
3 |
H1-RA, ICS, OCS (n = 1) |
- |
|
CVA |
75 |
Beta-2, ICS, LTRA, LAMA, OCS (n = 24), seratrodast |
Antifungal drug (n = 10) Gastrointestinal promotility drugs (n = 2) H1-RA (n = 1) PPI (n = 3) Rikkunshito (n = 2) |
|
CPA |
4 |
Beta-2, ICS, LTRA, OCS (n = 1), seratrodast |
Gastrointestinal promotility drugs (n = 1) PPI (n = 1) Rikkunshito (n = 1) |
|
SBS |
4 |
Macrolides |
Beta-2 (n = 4) ICS (n = 4) LTRA (n = 4) |
|
Dual causes |
145 |
- |
- |
|
AC+CVA |
51 |
Beta-2, ICS, LTRA, LAMA, OCS (n = 25), seratrodast |
Antifungal drug (n = 7) Gastrointestinal promotility drugs (n = 3) PPI (n = 3) Rikkunshito (n = 3) |
|
AC+CPA |
2 |
Beta-2, H1 RA, ICS, LTRA, OCS (n = 1) |
|
|
AC+SBS |
9 |
H1 RA, ICS, macrolides, OCS (n = 3) |
Antifungal drug (n = 1) Beta-2 (n = 1) |
|
CPA+SBS |
9 |
Beta-2, ICS, LTRA, macrolides, OCS (n = 5) |
Antifungal drugs (n = 1) |
|
CVA+SBS |
74 |
Beta-2, ICS, LAMA, LTRA, macrolides, OCS (n = 37), seratrodast |
Antifungal drugs (n = 11) |
|
Triple causes |
40 |
- |
- |
|
AC+CVA+SBS |
35 |
Beta-2, H1-RA, ICS, LAMA, LTRA, macrolides, OCS (n = 12), seratrodast |
Antifungal drugs (n = 8) Gastrointestinal promotility drugs (n = 3) PPI (n = 3) Rikkunshito (n = 1) |
|
CVA+MISB+SBS |
3 |
Antifungal drugs, beta-2, ICS, LTRA, OCS (n = 3) |
- |
|
CPA+MISB+SBS |
2 |
Beta-2, ICS, LTRA, macrolides, OCS (n = 1) |
- |
|
Quad causes |
2 |
- |
- |
|
AC+CVA+MISB+SBS |
2 |
Antifungal drugs, beta-2, H1-RA, ICS, LTRA, macrolides, OCS (n = 1) |
- |
|
Others |
6 |
- |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
Beta-2 (n = 2) ICS (n = 2) LTRA (n = 1) |
Others including the following patients, DPB 1 patient, MISB 1 patient, CPA+MISB 1 patient, SBS+Bronchorrhea 1 patient, AC+CVA+DPB 1 patient, AC+CVA+MISB 1 patient.
AC: atopic cough, Beta-2: beta-2 agonists, CPA: cough-predominant asthma, CVA: cough-variant asthma, DPB: diffuse panbronchiolitis, GER: gastroesophageal reflux, H1-RA: histamine H1 antagonists, ICS: inhaled corticosteroids, LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonists, LTRA: leukotriene receptor antagonists, MISB: mucoid impaction of small bronchi, OCS: oral corticosteroids, PPI: proton-pump inhibitors, SBS: sinobronchial syndrome