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. 2025 Apr 29;13:e19379. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19379

Table 3. Multivariate linear regression analyses of low PWR (< 26.3) as a risk factor for worse liver function in patients with WD.

Beta Standard error P value
Liver injury parameters
ALT (U/L)
AST (U/L)
Total bilirubin (μmol/L) 8.83 2.10 <0.001
Synthetic function parameters
Albumin (g/L) −1.97 0.58 0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) −0.48 0.12 <0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)
LDL-C (mmol/L) −0.33 0.11 0.003
Triglyceride (mmol/L) −0.24 0.11 0.024
Coagulation parameters
INR 0.26 0.04 <0.001
PT (s) 2.25 0.34 <0.001
Liver fibrosis parameters
PIIINP (μg/mL) 12.63 6.19 0.042
Type IV collagen (ng/mL) 11.70 2.46 <0.001
Hyaluronic acid (ng/mL) 97.27 20.22 <0.001
Laminin (ng/mL)
Portal vein diameter (mm) 0.87 0.27 0.002

Note:

Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcoholism, hypertension, diabetes, and anti-copper treatment. ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; INR, international normalized ratio; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PIIINP, procollagen type III terminal propeptide; PT, prothrombin time; PWR, platelet-to-white blood cell ratio; WD, Wilson disease