Table 2.
Mitochondrial focused therapeutic agents in Alzheimer's disease.
| Agent | Molecular action | Model | Effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MitoQ | Antioxidant | 3xTg AD | Reduces ROS levels; reduces Aβ levels; Improves synaptic function |
McManus et al., 2011; Young et al., 2019 |
| Szeto-Schiller tetrapeptides 31 (SS-31) | Binds to cardiolipin | APP/PS1 | Rescues mitochondrial morphology; reduces ROS levels; Reduces Aβ levels |
Mitchell et al., 2020; Jia et al., 2023 |
| Nicotinamide riboside (NR) | NAD+ precursor | APP/PS1 | Suppresses cGAS-STING pathway; reduces Aβ levels; Enhances mitophagy |
Hou et al., 2021 |
| DA1 | Binds to ATAD3A and suppresses its oligomerization | 5xFAD | Improves mitochondrial dynamics; reduces Aβ levels | Zhoa et al., 2022 |
| Mdivi-1 | Inhibits DRP1 | APP/PS1 | Improves mitochondrial dynamics; reduces Aβ levels; reduces ROS levels | Baek et al., 2017 |
| P110 | Blocks the interaction between DRP1 and FIS1 | 5xFAD | Improves mitochondrial dynamics; reduces Aβ levels; reduces ROS levels | Joshi et al., 2018 |
| UMI-77 | Mitophagy activator; BH3-mimetic for MCL-1 | APP/PS1 | Enhances mitophagy; reduces Aβ levels; reduces neuroinflammation | Chen et al., 2020 |
| Loganin | Promotes OPTN-mediated mitophagy | 3xTg AD | Enhances mitophagy; Improves synaptic plasticity; improves mitochondrial dynamics |
Zhou et al., 2023 |