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. 2025 May 2;11(18):eadq8425. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adq8425

Table 1. Summary of pH imaging observations and calculated outward proton fluxes during chamber formation of A. tepida and H. depressa.

The average seawater pH at 100- to 110-μm distance from the foraminiferal shell is 8.16 pH units (n = 10). The values in bold represent the mean values of the five individuals. ND, not determined. Id, identification. Ind, individual.

Species Id. Test size (μm) Chamber size (μm) pH microenvironment (seawater scale) ΔpH Local H+ flux (nmol/cm2/s) Total H+ flux (pmol) Time (hours)
A. tepida Ind. 1 233 81 6.90 0.84 2.97 ND ND
Ind. 2 105 50 7.15 1.13 2.57 1940 5.33
Ind. 3 94 40 7.35 0.85 2.96 1447 5.40
Ind. 4 161 93.6 7.23 0.92 2.58 8364 6.56
Ind. 5 184 90.4 7.15 0.91 3.70 9661 5.65
Average 155 71 7.16 0.93 2.96 5353 5.74
H. depressa Ind. 1 193 81 8.07 0.20 0.07 598 24.00
Ind. 2 141 89 8.05 0.24 0.22 1470 15.00
Ind. 3 134 89 7.95 0.31 0.18 1386 17.00
Ind. 4 209 102 8.01 0.25 0.13 1340 17.75
Ind. 5 251 125 7.83 0.30 0.11 ND ND
Average 186 97 7.98 0.26 0.14 1198 18.44