Fig. 2.

hSC-exosome treated animals had a significant reduction of STAT3 pathway components relative to TBI control animals. Twenty-four hours after TBI, a subset of animals was sacrificed for detection of STAT3 protein expression in the ipsilateral cortex (a–d) and ipsilateral hippocampus (e-h) via Western blot. Densitometric analyses revealed that TBI significantly upregulated levels of the expression of STAT3, pSTAT3, and SOCS3 proteins. Treating TBI animals with hSC exosomes however reduced the degree of inflammatory responses with levels resembling that of Sham animals. d, h) Representative immunoblot images from the ipsilateral cerebral cortex and hippocampus 24 ​h post FPI. Data are presented as mean ​± ​SEM. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test; ∗p-value <0.05; ∗∗p-values <0.01; ∗∗∗p-values <0.001; ∗∗∗∗p-values <0.0001.