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. 2025 May 2;15:15422. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-99922-9

Table 3.

Clinical outcomes (JOA-BPEQ and ODI Scores) before and after surgery.

Time VK2 + VD3 group (n = 36) Control group (n = 35) P value
JOA-BPEQ
 Preoperative 8.13 ± 1.32 7.89 ± 1.54 0.507
 3 days postoperative 19.54 ± 1.96* 19.72 ± 1.98* 0.732
 3 months postoperative 24.89 ± 1.11* 25.01 ± 1.09* 0.611
 6 months postoperative 25.82 ± 0.88* 25.94 ± 0.92* 0.610
ODI
 Preoperative 45.60 ± 11.15 46.01 ± 11.53 0.894
 3 days postoperative 14.71 ± 4.38* 15.02 ± 4.67* 0.755
 3 months postoperative 10.93 ± 3.82* 11.20 ± 3.93* 0.726
 6 months postoperative 4.88 ± 2.91* 4.91 ± 2.98* 0.964

*P < 0.05, comparison of indicators at each postoperative time point versus preoperative scores.