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. 2025 Mar 10;33(5):633–641. doi: 10.1038/s41431-025-01812-1

Table 2.

Demographic characteristics.

All respondents
n = 1160
Unmet need for genetic counseling
n = 457
No unmet need for genetic counseling
n = 703
Age

n = 1160

n (%)

n = 457

n (%)

n = 703

n (%)

≤45 years old 358 (30.8) 194 (42.5) 164 (23.3)
>45 years old 802 (69.2) 263 (57.5) 539 (76.7)
Sex

n = 1159

n (%)

n = 457

n (%)

n = 702

n (%)

Male 545 (47.0) 189 (41.4) 356 (50.7)
Female 606 (52.3) 267 (58.4) 339 (48.3)
Intersex 2 (0.2) 0 2 (0.3)
Prefer to self-describe 1 (0.1) 1 (0.2) 0
Prefer not to say 5 (0.4) 0 5 (0.7)
Gendera

n = 1159

n (%)

n = 456

n (%)

n = 703

n (%)

Man 542 (46.8) 187 (41.0) 355 (50.5)
Woman 602 (51.9) 263 (57.7) 339 (48.2)
Non-binary or agender 8 (0.7) 3 (0.7) 5 (0.7)
Prefer to self-describe 6 (0.5) 3 (0.7) 3 (0.4)
Prefer not to say 1 (0.1) 0 1 (0.1)
Transgender

n = 1157

n (%)

n = 456

n (%)

n = 701

n (%)

Yes 15 (1.3) 6 (1.3) 9 (1.3)
No 1138 (98.4) 450 (98.7) 688 (98.1)
Prefer not to say 4 (0.3) 0 4 (0.6)
Raceb

n = 1160

n (%)

n = 457

n (%)

n = 703

n (%)

South Asian 56 (4.8) 25 (5.5) 31 (4.4)
Chinese 59 (5.1) 23 (5.0) 36 (5.1)
Black 39 (3.4) 15 (3.3) 24 (3.4)
Filipino 27 (2.3) 17 (3.7) 10 (1.4)
Latin American 17 (1.5) 9 (2.0) 8 (1.1)
Arab 14 (1.2) 9 (2.0) 5 (0.7)
Southeast Asian 8 (0.7) 3 (0.7) 5 (0.7)
West Asian 9 (0.8) 5 (1.1) 4 (0.6)
Korean 6 (0.5) 3 (0.7) 3 (0.4)
Japanese 3 (0.3) 1 (0.2) 2 (0.3)
White 864 (74.5) 317 (69.4) 547 (77.8)
Indigenous 58 (5.0) 30 (6.6) 28 (4.0)
Province of residence

n = 1160

n (%)

n = 457

n (%)

n = 703

n (%)

British Columbia 162 (14.0) 59 (12.9) 66 (9.4)
Alberta 125 (10.8) 74 (16.2) 88 (12.5)
Saskatchewan 37 (3.2) 12 (2.6) 25 (3.6)
Manitoba 41 (3.5) 20 (4.4) 21 (3.0)
Ontario 447 (38.5) 182 (39.8) 265 (37.7)
Quebec 268 (23.1) 70 (15.3) 198 (28.2)
New Brunswick 21 (1.8) 10 (2.2) 11 (1.6)
Nova Scotia 33 (2.8) 16 (3.5) 17 (2.4)
Newfoundland & Labrador 18 (1.6) 8 (1.8) 10 (1.4)
Prince Edward Islandd 4 (0.3) 4 (0.9) 0
Territories (Yukon, NWT, Nunavut) 4 (0.3) 2 (0.4) 2 (0.3)
Income (CAD)

n = 1131

n (%)

n = 448

n (%)

n = 683

n (%)

Under 20,000 88 (7.8) 41 (9.2) 47 (6.9)
20,000–39,999 145 (12.8) 59 (13.2) 86 (12.6)
40,000–59,999 188 (16.6) 65 (14.5) 123 (18.0)
60,000–79,999 150 (13.3) 59 (13.2) 91 (13.3)
80,000–99,999 194 (17.2) 80 (17.9) 114 (16.7)
100,000–119,999 122 (10.8) 50 (11.2) 72 (10.5)
120,000–139,999 84 (7.4) 34 (7.6) 50 (7.3)
140,000–159,999 60 (5.3) 24 (5.4) 36 (5.3)
160,000–179,999 29 (2.6) 11 (2.5) 18 (2.8)
180,000–199,999 28 (2.5) 9 (2.0) 19 (2.8)
Over 200,000 43 (3.8) 16 (3.6) 27 (4.0)
Education

n = 1098

n (%)

n = 434

n (%)

n = 664

n (%)

Grade 12 or less 57 (5.2) 20 (4.6) 37 (5.6)
Completed high school 210 (19.1) 81 (18.7) 129 (19.4)
College diploma 240 (21.9) 100 (23.0) 140 (21.1)
Apprenticeship or other trades certificate 97 (8.8) 37 (8.5) 60 (9.0)
Associates degree 32 (2.9) 9 (2.1) 23 (3.5)
Bachelor’s degree 316 (28.8) 129 (29.7) 187 (28.2)
Master’s degree 103 (9.4) 187 (28.2) 64 (9.6)
Professional degree 28 (2.6) 14 (3.2) 14 (2.1)
Doctorate degree 15 (1.4) 5 (1.2) 10 (1.5)
Health Status

n = 1156

n (%)

n = 455

n (%)

n = 701

n (%)

Excellent 99 (8.6) 30 (6.6) 69 (9.8)
Very good 412 (35.6) 129 (28.4) 283 (40.4)
Good 429 (37.1) 177 (38.9) 252 (35.9)
Fair 173 (15.0) 93 (20.4) 80 (11.4)
Poor 43 (3.7) 26 (5.7) 17 (2.4)
Mental Health Statusc

n = 1159

n (%)

n = 456

n (%)

n = 703

n (%)

Self-diagnosed with mental health concerns 154 (13.3) 91 (20.0) 63 (9.0)
Formally diagnosed with mental illness 202 (17.4) 127 (27.9) 75 (10.7)
No mental health concerns 718 (61.9) 200 (43.9) 518 (73.7)
I don’t know 85 (7.3) 39 (8.3) 47 (6.7)
Capability ICECAP-A n = 1160 n = 457 n = 703
Q1 (0–0.691) 295 (25.4) 174 (38.1) 121 (17.2)
Q2 (0.692–0.849) 350 (30.2) 149 (32.6) 201 (28.6)
Q3 (0.850–0.942) 255 (22.0) 72 (15.7) 183 (26.0)
Q4 (0.943–1) 260 (22.4) 62 (13.6) 198 (28.2)
Personal Utility PrU n = 1160 n = 457 n = 703
Low (14–41) 236 (20.3) 29 (6.3) 207 (29.4)
Moderate (41–69) 573 (49.4) 207 (45.3) 366 (52.1)
High (70–98) 351 (30.3) 221 (48.4) 130 (18.5)
Healthcare distrust RHCSDS n = 1160 n = 457 n = 703
Mean (SD) 22.6 (6.0) 23.4 (5.0) 22.1 (6.0)

The n varies by characteristic due to missing responses, the n for each variable is reported.

a“Prefer to self-describe” and “prefer not to say” responses were excluded from regression analysis. The “prefer to self-describe” responses did not yield usable data.

bRace was collapsed into two categories for the regression analysis (White and minoritized racial groups).

c“I don’t know” responses were excluded from the regression analysis. The percentages may not add up to exactly 100% due to rounding.

dAll respondents from PEI had unmet need for genetic counseling, these respondents were excluded from analysis. We also analyzed the province of residence by combining all maritime provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland & Labrador, and Prince Edward Island) and combining those currently within the catchment of a regional genetics clinic (the IWK Health Centre) (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island) and these groupings yielded the same statistical results.