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. 2025 May 2;15:15460. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-98816-0

Table 7.

Wilcoxon rank-sum test results.

Compared algorithms
BAGWO vs.
Different dimensions (+/=/-)
10 30 50 100
BAS 24/0/0 24/0/0 24/0/0 24/0/0
CSA 22/1/1 23/1/0 22/2/0 24/0/0
DA 24/0/0 24/0/0 24/0/0 24/0/0
DE 17/5/2 19/3/2 19/3/2 20/3/1
GA 24/0/0 24/0/0 24/0/0 24/0/0
GOA 24/0/0 24/0/0 24/0/0 24/0/0
GWO 23/0/1 23/0/1 22/0/2 22/0/2
IGWO 17/4/3 18/4/2 20/1/3 19/3/2
MFO 21/3/0 20/4/0 20/3/1 22/2/0
MVO 24/0/0 24/0/0 23/1/0 23/0/1
PSO 24/0/0 21/0/3 20/2/2 23/1/0
SA 21/2/1 20/1/3 18/1/5 16/3/5
SCA 23/1/0 24/0/0 24/0/0 24/0/0
WOA 22/1/1 21/0/3 20/0/4 20/0/4
Overall (+/=/-) 310/17/9 309/13/14 304/13/19 309/12/15
Dominant ratio 92.26% 91.96% 90.48% 91.96%