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. 2025 May 2;15:15432. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-99676-4

Table 4.

Comparative discussion for attack detection model.

Metrics/ Methods BPHS-STRIDE SA-BiLSTM LSTM HVC RBNN IntVO-RBNN
50 users Accuracy (%) 78.00 81.60 82.80 83.23 91.25 94.02
FPR (%) 16.27 14.45 13.08 12.80 6.11 4.20
Precision (%) 89.95 90.00 91.16 91.25 96.94 97.84
Recall (%) 83.72 87.33 90.62 91.10 93.00 95.27
100 users Accuracy (%) 78.45 81.83 82.73 87.15 88.50 92.16
FPR (%) 16.76 14.78 14.00 12.05 8.11 5.57
Precision (%) 88.99 89.40 89.45 89.48 95.58 96.91
Recall (%) 86.48 89.66 91.54 92.41 93.00 95.26