Table 3.
The summary of experimental data in common white light (CWL) and blue-enriched white light (BWL) (Mean ± SEM).
| Measurements | Common white light | Blue-enriched white light | p value | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The cardiac activity | ||||
| HR (bpm) | 98.08 ± 2.17 | 96.42 ± 1.94 | < 0.05* | 0.431 |
| Min HR (bpm) | 80.54 ± 2.26 | 77.54 ± 1.85 | < 0.05* | 0.524 |
| Max HR (bpm) | 114.17 ± 1.86 | 114 ± 2.21 | 0.899 | 0.026 |
| HRV (ms) | 56.04 ± 1.74 | 57.50 ± 1.37 | 0.111 | 0.338 |
| RMSSD (ms) | 43.91 ± 4.78 | 45.45 ± 3.39 | 0.588 | 0.112 |
| SDNN (ms) | 51.22 ± 3.21 | 54.47 ± 2.94 | 0.204 | 0.267 |
| PNN50 (%) | 20.83 ± 3.61 | 24.71 ± 3.21 | < 0.05* | 0.460 |
| LF power (ms2) | 873.82 ± 110.71 | 1136.12 ± 198.31 | 0.263 | 0.234 |
| HF power (ms2) | 849.76 ± 192.47 | 929.21 ± 149.63 | 0.712 | 0.076 |
| LF/HF ratio | 2.63 ± 0.75 | 1.62 ± 0.21 | 0.194 | 0.273 |
| The critical flicker fusion frequency | ||||
| Mean threshold (Hz) | 34.88 ± 0.61 | 33.83 ± 0.7 | < 0.01** | 0.644 |
| Forward threshold (Hz) | 34.44 ± 0.73 | 33.18 ± 0.86 | < 0.01** | 0.593 |
| Backward threshold (Hz) | 35.32 ± 0.57 | 34.48 ± 0.72 | < 0.05* | 0.448 |
| The psychomotor vigilance task | ||||
| Mean reaction time (ms) | 1189.71 ± 53.26 | 1142.50 ± 52.94 | < 0.05* | 0.458 |
| Median reaction time (ms) | 1118.50 ± 47.36 | 1059.83 ± 51.6 | < 0.05* | 0.499 |
| Slowest 10% reaction time (ms) | 1883.17 ± 118.23 | 1840.40 ± 103.99 | 0.570 | 0.118 |
| Fastest 10% reaction time (ms) | 883.46 ± 38.1 | 848.69 ± 37.51 | < 0.05* | 0.494 |
| The ruler drop test | ||||
| Mean reaction length (cm) | 55.50 ± 3.29 | 44.84 ± 3.51 | < 0.01** | 0.829 |
| Dominant hand | ||||
| Mean reaction length (cm) | 56.43 ± 4.03 | 45.12 ± 3.62 | < 0.01** | 0.693 |
| Min reaction length (cm) | 36.08 ± 2.69 | 28.56 ± 2.54 | < 0.01** | 0.620 |
| Non-dominant hand | ||||
| Mean reaction length (cm) | 54.58 ± 3.56 | 44.56 ± 4.43 | < 0.05* | 0.554 |
| Min reaction length (cm) | 38.81 ± 2.15 | 28.04 ± 2.66 | < 0.01** | 0.977 |
HR, heart rate; Min, minimum; Max, maximum; HRV, heart rate variability; SDNN, standard deviation of normal to normal intervals; RMSSD, square root of the mean normal to normal interval; PNN50, percentage of adjacent pairs of normal to normal intervals differing by more than 50 ms; LF, low frequency; HF, high frequency; bpm, beats per minute; Hz, hertz; ms, millisecond; cm, centimeter.
Significant values are in [bold].