Table 4.

Role of the common central proteins in normal and stress condition in cells.

Gene name	Protein name	Role of protein in cell	Role of protein in stress	Regulon info
adk	Adenylate kinase	Cellular homeostasis. Energy metabolism46. ADP synthesis90.	Energy metabolism. Nucleotide synthesis46.	F, ns
atpD	ATP synthase subunit beta	ATP synthesis. Metabolic pathways of proteins and carbohydrates47.	Increases antibiotic susceptibility of pathogens91.	TU, ns
eno	Enolase	Glycolytic enzyme, role in catabolic glycolytic pathway57.	Oxidative stress response in P. aeruginosa92 .	TU, linear
gyrB	DNA gyrase subunit B	DNA replication, DNA binding, ATP hydrolysis65.	Develop resistance against fluoroquinolones66.	F, ns
pgk	Phosphoglycerate kinase	ATP production70.	Increase glycolytic flux in hypoxia. Triggers pathways involved in DNA repair and SOS response70.	F, linear
carB	Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase	Pyrimidine biosynthesis50.	Absence of this gene in S. aureus led to significant growth defect and increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide51.	TU, Ns
cmk	CMP kinase	Nucleotide biosynthesis52.	DNA repair52.	Ns
folD	Bifunctional protein FolD, Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase	Folate cycle, synthesis of methionine, purine and thymidylate58.	Help bacteria in heat-stress response59.	F, Ns
guaA	GMP synthetase	Biosynthesise guanine nucleotides62.	Purine metabolism. Helps bacteria in low guanine63.	TU, In
purB	Adenylosuccinate lyase	Purine metabolism71.	Antibiotic and stress tolerance71.	TU, ns
purE	N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide mutase	Biosynthesis of purine nucleotides72.	Biosynthesis of purine nucleotides73.	F, ns
purH	Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein	Purine biosynthesis74.	Purine biosynthesis74.	F, ns
ftsZ	Cell division protein FtsZ	Plays major role in cytokinesis48.	Interact with transcription factors. Relocates its Z -ring to other parts of the cell which help other proteins in stress response pathways49.	TU, ns
cysE	Serine acetyltransferase	Cysteine and serine metabolism53.	Cysteine metabolism is linked with antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in some bacteria53.	F, ns
dnaK	Chaperone protein, Heat shock protein 70	Required for growth in absence of stress54.	Maintain homeostasis in thermal stress55.	F, linear
dnaN	DNA polymerase III beta sliding clamp subunit	DNA replication, maintenance of membrane structure56.	SOS response and DNA repair56.	TU, ns
glmS	Glutamine–fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase	Protein glycosylation Growth and functional maintenance of the cell60.	Help in Cadmium, osmotic and pH stress61.	TU, ns
gyrA	DNA gyrase subunit A	Replication64.	Play an active role in quinolone treatment64.	F, ns
lepA	Elongation factor 4	Biogenesis of ribosome 30s subunit. Protein export functions67.	Released in the cytoplasm of high ionic strength or low temperature68.	F, ns
pgi	Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	glycolysis and gluconeogenesis69.	Activated in oxidative, heat and nutrient stress69.	F, ns
pyrG	CTP synthase	Pyrimidine biosynthesis75.	Pyrimidine biosynthesis75.	F, linear
recA	Recombinase A	DNA repair76.	DNA repair pathways76. Swarming motility77.	F, ns
rplB	50 S ribosomal protein L2	Transcription. Formation of peptide bond78.	Helps in high hydrostatic pressure78.	TU, in
rplC	50 S ribosomal protein L3	Role in ribosome assembly. Transcription regulation79.	Resistance tolinezolid (an oxazolidinone) and tiamulin (a pleuromutilin)80.	F, ns
rpoA	DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha	Transcription81.	Regulation of Transcription in stress81. Inhibition of RpoS by oligomerization93.	TU, ns
rpoB	DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta	RNA synthesis, Binding of sigma factor. Serve as a binding site for a antibiotics82.	Interacts with heat shock proteins to maintain the stability of RNA polymerase83. Inhibition of RpoS by oligomerization93.	TU, ns
rpoC	DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta’	Synthesis of RNA. Catalytic Mg2 + coordination82.	Plays role in efficient transcription in stress response. Binding site for ppGpp which is a global gene regulator in stress. Sigma factor binding82.	TU, ns
rpsA	30 S ribosomal protein S1	Transcription and Translation processes84.	Downregulated in oxidative stress84. RNA mediated stress response85. Inhibition of RpoS by oligomerization93.	F, ns
rpsB	30 S ribosomal protein S2	Binding proteins to ribosome86.	Upregulation on exposure to silver nanoparticle. Ribosomal protein S2 regulates its own level by inhibition of messenger (m)RNA synthesis during stress conditions86.	F, ns
rpsE	30 S ribosomal protein S5	Translocation and translocation. mRNA binding87.	Low expression level in salt stress87.	TU, ns
thyA	Thymidylate synthase	Required for DNA synthesis94.	DNA replication and repair88.Decreased activity in oxidative and Nitrosative stress. Increased activity in acidic stress89,95.	TU, ns