Figure 3.

Pathogen distribution across lung cancer stages and histological types. (a) Proportions of pathogens detected in different histological types of lung cancer, calculated as the number of cases positive for a specific pathogen divided by the total number of patients within each cancer type. (b) Proportions of pathogens detected across different cancer stages, calculated as the number of cases positive for a specific pathogen divided by the total number of patients within each stage group. Notable trends include the increased detection of CMV in late-stage patients and the exclusive presence of P. jirovecii and A. flavus in this group. Statistical significance was determined using the χ² test (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01).