Table 2.
Cause-specific excess mortality in Hong Kong (January 2020–June 2024).
| Observed deaths | Observed mortality per 100,000 | Excess mortality per 100,000 (95% CI) | Age-adjusted excess mortality per 100,000 (95% CI) | % of age adjusted excess deaths to baseline deaths (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory diseases | 70,052 | 208.96 | 37.86 (36.26, 39.47) | 41.10 (39.58, 42.62) | 23.55 (22.68, 24.42) |
| Pandemic (before Omicron) | 25,446 | 170.85 | 3.47 (1.10, 5.85) | 3.93 (1.67, 6.19) | 2.29 (0.97, 3.60) |
| Pandemic (Omicron) | 20,783 | 282.91 | 106.34 (102.98, 109.71) | 108.71 (105.52, 111.90) | 62.41 (60.58, 64.24) |
| Post pandemic | 23,823 | 222.81 | 37.33 (34.47, 40.20) | 44.87 (42.19, 47.54) | 25.21 (23.71, 26.71) |
| Influenza | 377 | 1.12 | −2.70 (−2.95, −2.44) | −2.74 (−2.99, −2.49) | −71.08 (−77.63, −64.54) |
| Pandemic (before Omicron) | 30 | 0.20 | −2.77 (−3.10, −2.44) | −2.79 (−3.12, −2.46) | −93.62 (−104.76, −82.49) |
| Pandemic (Omicron) | 0 | 0.00 | −3.65 (−4.16, −3.13) | −3.75 (−4.27, −3.23) | −102.80 (−117.08, −88.52) |
| Post pandemic | 347 | 3.08 | −1.94 (−2.46, −1.43) | −1.88 (−2.37, −1.40) | −67.96 (−85.40, −50.51) |
| Pneumonia | 52,484 | 156.55 | 14.83 (13.41, 16.26) | 17.81 (16.45, 19.16) | 12.39 (11.44, 13.33) |
| Pandemic (before Omicron) | 21,723 | 145.85 | 8.56 (6.46, 10.66) | 9.03 (7.01, 11.05) | 6.40 (4.97, 7.83) |
| Pandemic (Omicron) | 12,421 | 169.08 | 23.25 (20.26, 26.24) | 25.54 (22.68, 28.39) | 17.79 (15.80, 19.78) |
| Post pandemic | 18,340 | 162.52 | 17.54 (14.99, 20.10) | 23.06 (20.79, 25.33) | 16.54 (14.91, 18.16) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1850 | 5.52 | −1.29 (−1.57, −1.00) | −1.25 (−1.53, −0.96) | −17.97 (−22.10, −13.84) |
| Pandemic (before Omicron) | 756 | 5.08 | −1.95 (−2.39, −1.52) | −1.96 (−2.40, −1.53) | −27.30 (−33.38, −21.22) |
| Pandemic (Omicron) | 408 | 5.55 | −1.23 (−1.83, −0.64) | −1.24 (−1.84, −0.64) | −18.25 (−27.03, −9.47) |
| Post pandemic | 686 | 6.08 | −0.42 (−0.91, 0.08) | −0.27 (−0.73, 0.20) | −4.23 (−11.56, 3.09) |
| Lung diseases due to external agents | 1997 | 5.96 | −1.16 (−1.46, −0.87) | −1.01 (−1.31, −0.72) | −14.17 (−18.23, −10.11) |
| Pandemic (before Omicron) | 927 | 6.22 | −1.07 (−1.51, −0.62) | −1.04 (−1.48, −0.59) | −13.94 (−19.91, −7.97) |
| Pandemic (Omicron) | 478 | 6.51 | −0.77 (−1.38, −0.15) | −0.64 (−1.25, −0.03) | −9.00 (−17.55, −0.44) |
| Post pandemic | 592 | 5.25 | −1.56 (−2.07, −1.06) | −1.17 (−1.64, −0.71) | −18.27 (−25.55, −10.99) |
| Non-respiratory diseases | 115,186 | 343.59 | 3.48 (1.37, 5.59) | 4.33 (2.23, 6.42) | 1.23 (0.63, 1.82) |
| Pandemic (before Omicron) | 50,646 | 340.04 | 2.70 (−0.45, 5.85) | 1.87 (−1.26, 5.01) | 0.53 (−0.36, 1.43) |
| Pandemic (Omicron) | 26,584 | 361.88 | 11.32 (6.88, 15.76) | 10.05 (5.63, 14.48) | 2.83 (1.59, 4.08) |
| Post pandemic | 37,956 | 357.86 | −0.86 (−4.57, 2.86) | 3.70 (0.04, 7.36) | 1.05 (0.01, 2.08) |
| Heart disease | 16,560 | 49.40 | 0.04 (−0.77, 0.85) | 0.56 (−0.22, 1.34) | 1.12 (−0.44, 2.68) |
| Pandemic (before Omicron) | 7341 | 49.29 | −0.86 (−2.09, 0.37) | −0.85 (−2.04, 0.33) | −1.66 (−3.97, 0.65) |
| Pandemic (Omicron) | 3843 | 52.31 | 2.00 (0.30, 3.70) | 2.27 (0.63, 3.91) | 4.56 (1.27, 7.85) |
| Post pandemic | 5376 | 47.64 | −0.09 (−1.50, 1.32) | 1.23 (−0.04, 2.51) | 2.67 (−0.09, 5.43) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 8761 | 26.13 | 1.86 (1.31, 2.42) | 1.97 (1.42, 2.51) | 7.87 (5.69, 10.05) |
| Pandemic (before Omicron) | 3930 | 26.39 | 1.82 (0.99, 2.66) | 1.76 (0.93, 2.58) | 6.91 (3.67, 10.15) |
| Pandemic (Omicron) | 2007 | 27.32 | 2.39 (1.23, 3.56) | 2.35 (1.20, 3.50) | 9.41 (4.82, 14.00) |
| Post pandemic | 2824 | 25.03 | 1.55 (0.58, 2.51) | 1.88 (0.99, 2.77) | 8.13 (4.29, 11.98) |
| Neoplasms | 40,172 | 119.83 | −8.21 (−9.46, −6.96) | −10.02 (−11.29, −8.76) | −7.50 (−8.45, −6.55) |
| Pandemic (before Omicron) | 18,010 | 120.92 | −8.20 (−10.07, −6.32) | −9.25 (−11.15, −7.35) | −6.91 (−8.33, −5.49) |
| Pandemic (Omicron) | 8807 | 119.89 | −11.84 (−14.46, −9.21) | −14.81 (−17.49, −12.14) | −11.00 (−12.98, −9.01) |
| Post pandemic | 13,355 | 118.35 | −5.73 (−7.90, −3.57) | −7.37 (−9.45, −5.28) | −5.86 (−7.52, −4.20) |
| Nephritis and nephrosis | 5901 | 17.60 | 0.41 (−0.05, 0.87) | 0.51 (0.05, 0.96) | 2.87 (0.28, 5.46) |
| Pandemic (before Omicron) | 2591 | 17.40 | 0.70 (0.03, 1.38) | 0.65 (−0.03, 1.32) | 3.74 (−0.18, 7.67) |
| Pandemic (Omicron) | 1417 | 19.29 | 1.64 (0.68, 2.60) | 1.63 (0.67, 2.59) | 9.22 (3.77, 14.66) |
| Post pandemic | 1893 | 16.78 | −0.83 (−1.65, −0.01) | −0.43 (−1.20, 0.34) | −2.50 (−6.95, 1.95) |
| Dementia | 1058 | 3.16 | −1.00 (−1.23, −0.78) | −0.95 (−1.18, −0.73) | −22.66 (−27.96, −17.36) |
| Pandemic (before Omicron) | 456 | 3.06 | −0.56 (−0.88, −0.24) | −0.58 (−0.90, −0.27) | −15.61 (−24.05, −7.18) |
| Pandemic (Omicron) | 269 | 3.66 | −0.66 (−1.14, −0.18) | −0.63 (−1.10, −0.15) | −14.59 (−25.63, −3.55) |
| Post pandemic | 333 | 2.95 | −1.84 (−2.27, −1.42) | −1.59 (−1.98, −1.20) | −35.04 (−43.70, −26.39) |
| Injury | 3356 | 10.01 | 0.28 (−0.06, 0.63) | 0.23 (−0.11, 0.58) | 2.29 (−1.13, 5.72) |
| Pandemic (before Omicron) | 1491 | 10.01 | 0.62 (0.11, 1.13) | 0.53 (0.02, 1.04) | 5.44 (0.21, 10.66) |
| Pandemic (Omicron) | 743 | 10.11 | 0.04 (−0.68, 0.77) | −0.06 (−0.79, 0.67) | −0.61 (−7.79, 6.58) |
| Post pandemic | 1122 | 9.94 | 0.00 (−0.62, 0.61) | 0.03 (−0.56, 0.61) | 0.26 (−5.61, 6.13) |
Pandemic (before Omicron): 2020-01-23–2021-12-31; Pandemic (Omicron): 2022-01-01–2022-12-31; Post pandemic: 2023-01-01–2024-06-01. Mid-year population sizes were used to be the denominators of mortality rates.