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. 2025 Feb 14;54(6):947–964. doi: 10.1007/s13280-025-02133-9

Table 3.

Type of initiative categorised by the sum of each variable related to the mechanism of change (n = 88) (adapted from Few et al. 2017). Most initiatives exhibit multiple change mechanisms. See the Supplement for a detailed breakdown of the variables associated with each one

Type of initiative Total Innovation (#1) Expansion (#2) Reorientation (#3) Reorganisation (#4) Resistance (#5)
Ecovillage, village 36 7 0 34 33 5
Peasant-Indigenous movements, settlements 20 6 0 20 20 17
Urban, peri-urban collective 13 3 0 8 13 1
Cooperatives, Associations 8 2 0 4 8 0
Project 7 0 0 6 6 2
Alternative currency networking 4 0 2 2 4 1
Total 88 18 2 74 84 26