Fig. 2.

Electrochemical stability of PVH-IM against Li metal anode. a Galvanostatic voltage profiles of Li|PVH-IM|Li symmetric cells at 0.2 mA cm⁻². b Photographs of PVH-IM and Li metal anode after 50 h cycles at 0.1 mA cm⁻². c CCD curves of PVH and PVH-IM. d Comparison of the cumulative Li striping/plating capacity and CCD values of PVH-IM with other reported SPEs. e Tafel plots and corresponding exchange current densities of PVH and PVH-IM. f FT-IR spectra of PVH and PVH-IM. g Adsorption energies of PVH/DMF and In-MOF/DMF. To simplify the adsorption energy calculation, only one vinylidene fluoride unit and one hexafluoropropylene unit are used to represent the PVH chains. All tests are conducted at 25 °C unless otherwise stated