Table 1.
Measurable indicators and biochemical parameters at baseline
| HP-L | HP-D | HM-L | HM-D | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57.80 ± 10.20 | 57.60 ± 4.70 | 54.87 ± 9.48 | 58.47 ± 7.12 | 0.464 |
| Female, n (%) | 11 (73.3) | 11 (73.3) | 11 (73.3) | 11 (73.3) | |
| Body weight (kg) | 67.68 ± 11.30 | 66.00 ± 8.35 | 69.73 ± 10.65 | 66.48 ± 6.76 | 0.928 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.84 ± 2.35 | 26.45 ± 2.51 | 26.83 ± 2.49 | 26.41 ± 3.17 | 0.746 |
| Fat mass% | 31.41 ± 3.94 | 32.79 ± 5.60 | 31.21 ± 5.08 | 32.22 ± 7.13 | 0.621 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 101.82 ± 15.40 | 101.70 ± 11.43 | 102.29 ± 15.08 | 104.64 ± 17.50 | 0.944 |
| Postprandial glucose (mg/dL) | 135.62 ± 10.50 | 143.84 ± 18.76 | 143.39 ± 21.69 | 149.36 ± 25.07 | 0.092 |
| AUCglucose (mg/dL*h) | 307.78 ± 39.19 | 331.05 ± 45.10 | 332.05 ± 51.19 | 331.51 ± 74.57 | 0.437 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.06 ± 0.27 | 6.23 ± 0.28 | 6.19 ± 0.20 | 6.30 ± 0.52 | 0.432 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 42.72 ± 2.91 | 44.53 ± 3.07 | 44.16 ± 2.13 | 45.29 ± 5.69 | 0.432 |
| Fasting insulin (mIU/mL) | 6.28 ± 2.90 | 5.84 ± 2.57 | 6.38 ± 3.47 | 8.23 ± 4.95 | 0.283 |
| Postprandial insulin (mIU/mL) | 21.04 ± 13.30 | 35.95 ± 29.58 | 32.57 ± 19.69 | 34.94 ± 25.08 | 0.382 |
| AUCinsulin (mIU/mL*h) | 66.02 ± 37.05 | 65.31 ± 27.03 | 78.52 ± 54.72 | 83.11 ± 36.17 | 0.513 |
| Gutt index | 91.74 ± 24.47 | 79.14 ± 22.40 | 80.50 ± 22.41 | 80.05 ± 37.10 | 0.264 |
| Stumvoll index | 0.101 ± 0.011 | 0.090 ± 0.019 | 0.092 ± 0.016 | 0.091 ± 0.019 | 0.366 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.25 ± 0.46 | 1.98 ± 3.02 | 1.26 ± 0.78 | 1.80 ± 1.31 | 0.178 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.38 ± 1.34 | 5.58 ± 1.37 | 5.24 ± 1.19 | 5.56 ± 0.90 | 0.814 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.46 ± 0.29 | 1.42 ± 0.39 | 1.43 ± 0.29 | 1.53 ± 0.23 | 0.517 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.28 ± 1.20 | 3.29 ± 1.31 | 3.18 ± 1.02 | 3.26 ± 0.63 | 0.972 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD. HP-L high polyunsaturated fat diet at lunch, HP-D high polyunsaturated fat diet at dinner, HM-L high monounsaturated fat diet at lunch, HM-D high monounsaturated fat diet at dinner, BMI body mass index, AUCglucose area under the curve of glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin A1c, AUCinsulin area under the curve of insulin, HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA (two-sided) followed by post hoc Bonferroni test for normally distributed data and Kruskal-Waillis test (two-sided) followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison’s test for non-normally distributed data, χ2 test (two-sided) was for categorical data.