Table 2.
Measurable indicators and biochemical parameters at the end of intervention
| HP-L | HP-D | HM-L | HM-D | Ptiming Value | Ptype Value | Pinteraction Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight (kg) | 65.56 ± 10.26 | 64.90 ± 8.83 | 66.48 ± 10.60 | 65.68 ± 5.73 | 0.811 | 0.815 | 0.977 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.07 ± 2.45 | 25.96 ± 2.37 | 25.59 ± 2.78 | 26.11 ± 2.96 | 0.591 | 0.882 | 0.789 |
| Fat mass% | 31.29 ± 4.42 | 32.24 ± 5.32 | 30.72 ± 4.61 | 33.41 ± 6.89 | 0.178 | 0.555 | 0.536 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 94.48 ± 9.89 | 96.13 ± 10.98 | 92.03 ± 8.07 | 94.57 ± 13.14 | 0.517 | 0.691 | 0.873 |
| Postprandial glucose (mg/dL) | 127.42 ± 15.85 | 133.44 ± 17.48 | 128.35 ± 18.44 | 131.80 ± 17.55 | 0.589 | 0.796 | 0.774 |
| AUCglu (mg/dL*h) | 276.89 ± 26.99 | 315.65 ± 50.01 | 299.16 ± 38.24 | 291.59 ± 46.44 | 0.618 | 0.117 | 0.034 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.05 ± 0.23 | 6.21 ± 0.22 | 6.10 ± 0.20 | 6.23 ± 0.45 | 0.237 | 0.820 | 0.869 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 42.61 ± 2.54 | 44.31 ± 2.44 | 43.16 ± 2.23 | 44.58 ± 4.96 | 0.235 | 0.818 | 0.871 |
| Fasting insulin (mIU/mL) | 6.39 ± 2.94 | 6.87 ± 2.75 | 6.92 ± 3.47 | 7.87 ± 4.23 | 0.447 | 0.422 | 0.787 |
| Postprandial insulin (mIU/mL) | 18.00 ± 13.59 | 32.54 ± 17.06 | 11.01 ± 5.23 | 34.80 ± 25.97 | <0.001* | 0.719 | 0.301 |
| AUCins (mIU/mL*h) | 64.19 ± 46.50 | 71.46 ± 38.14 | 60.02 ± 34. 26 | 74.18 ± 50.25 | 0.369 | 0.862 | 0.756 |
| Gutt index | 107.12 ± 29.07 | 79.86 ± 14.56 | 112.15 ± 15.06 | 86.92 ± 27.68 | 0.003* | 0.397 | 0.863 |
| Stumvoll index | 0.105 ± 0.013 | 0.094 ± 0.013 | 0.108 ± 0.011 | 0.092 ± 0.019 | 0.003* | 0.690 | 0.457 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.42 ± 0.60 | 1.56 ± 0.88 | 1.43 ± 0.85 | 1.54 ± 0.70 | 0.711 | 0.934 | 0.924 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.18 ± 1.27 | 5.43 ± 1.31 | 5.03 ± 0.85 | 5.01 ± 0.72 | 0.966 | 0.292 | 0.638 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.44 ± 0.25 | 1.46 ± 0.41 | 1.48 ± 0.36 | 1.42 ± 0.30 | 0.632 | 0.747 | 0.634 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.15 ± 1.13 | 3.34 ± 1.09 | 3.02 ± 0.62 | 2.96 ± 0.63 | 0.862 | 0.249 | 0.599 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD. HP-L high polyunsaturated fat diet at lunch, HP-D high polyunsaturated fat diet at dinner, HM-L high monounsaturated fat diet at lunch, HM-D high monounsaturated fat diet at dinner, BMI body mass index, AUCglucose area under the curve of glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin A1c, AUCinsulin area under the curve of insulin, HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Analysis was done using three-way repeated measures ANOVA (two-sided) followed by post hoc Bonferroni test. *P < 0.05.