Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses for intrinsic motivation dimension.
|
|
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||||||
|
|
ORa (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||
|
|
Male | Refb | —c | — | — | |||||
|
|
Female | 0.869 (0.618-1.222) | .42 | — | — | |||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
|
|
<35 |
|
— | — | — | |||||
|
|
35-39 | 1.269 (0.849-1.900) | .25 | — | — | |||||
|
|
≥40 | 1.061 (0.671-1.677) | .80 | — | — | |||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
|
|
Han | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
Ethnic minority | 0.661 (0.129-3.028) | .59 | — | — | |||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||
|
|
Unmarried | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
Married | 0.881 (0.583-1.325) | .54 | — | — | |||||
| Given birth (number of children) | ||||||||||
|
|
No |
|
— | — | — | |||||
|
|
Yes | 1.056 (0.708-1.575) | .79 | — | — | |||||
| Mortgage or debt pressure | ||||||||||
|
|
No | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
Yes | 1.026 (0.705-1.490) | .89 | — | — | |||||
| Field of specialization | ||||||||||
|
|
Internal medicine | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
Surgery | 1.162 (0.582-2.327) | .67 | — | — | |||||
|
|
Anesthesiology | 1.106 (0.614-1.993) | .74 | — | — | |||||
|
|
Emergency medicine | 1.140 (0.591-2.200) | .69 | — | — | |||||
|
|
Other | 1.462 (0.607-3.592) | .40 | — | — | |||||
| Education | ||||||||||
|
|
Bachelor’s degree | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
Master’s degree | 0.854 (0.596-1.223) | .39 | — | — | |||||
|
|
Doctorate or above | 1.202 (0.641-2.291) | .57 | — | — | |||||
| Hospital level | ||||||||||
|
|
Public tertiary hospital | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
Other | 1.207 (0.774-1.896) | .41 | — | — | |||||
| Teaching hospital | ||||||||||
|
|
No | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
Yes | 1.149 (0.694-1.903) | .59 | — | — | |||||
| Average monthly income per capita income (US $) | ||||||||||
|
|
5000 or less | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
5001-10,000 | 1.524 (0.716-3.295) | .27 | — | — | |||||
|
|
10,001-20,000 | 1.280 (0.598-2.781) | .53 | — | — | |||||
|
|
More than 20,000 | 1.619 (0.581-4.611) | .36 | — | — | |||||
|
|
Prefer not to disclose | 1.284 (0.552-3.021) | .56 | — | — | |||||
| Relatives working in research | ||||||||||
|
|
No | Ref |
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
Yes | 1.051 (0.690-1.604) | .82 | — | — | |||||
|
|
Unsure | 0.893 (0.301-2.653) | .84 | — | — | |||||
| Number of research project led or deeply participated in | ||||||||||
|
|
None | Ref | — | Ref | — | |||||
|
|
1~2 projects | 1.080 (0.741-1.576) | .69 | 1.060 (0.725-1.551) | .76 | |||||
|
|
3-5 projects | 1.542 (0.843-2.885) | .17 | 1.371 (0.734-2.562) | .32 | |||||
| Number of research training or seminars you have attended | ||||||||||
|
|
None | Ref | — | Ref | — | |||||
|
|
Approximately 1-2 times | 1.015 (0.654-1.574) | .95 | 1.016 (0.654-1.578) | .95 | |||||
|
|
3-5 times | 1.080 (0.597-1.958) | .80 | 1.074 (0.593-1.944) | .81 | |||||
|
|
More than 5 times | 1.586 (0.989-2.556) | .057 | 1.527 (0.944-2.470) | .08 | |||||
| Research atmosphere in your team | ||||||||||
|
|
Poor | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
Average | 0.778 (0.452-1.329) | .36 | — | — | |||||
|
|
Good | 0.995 (0.584-1.684) | .98 | — | — | |||||
| Rate your mentor or department head’s research competence | ||||||||||
|
|
Poor or very poor | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
Average | 0.897 (0.363-2.220) | .81 | — | — | |||||
|
|
Good | 1.043 (0.427-2.548) | .93 | — | — | |||||
|
|
Excellent | 1.529 (0.622-3.764) | .35 | — | — | |||||
aOR: odds ratio.
bReference values.
cNot applicable.