Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate analysis for practice dimension.
|
|
Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||||||
|
|
ORa (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | ||||||
| Intrinsic motivation | 1.082 (1.058-1.107) | <.001 | 1.063 (1.035-1.091) | <.001 | ||||||
| Attitude | 1.182 (1.124-1.243) | <.001 | 1.095 (1.029-1.165) | .004 | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||
|
|
Male | Refb | —c | — | — | |||||
|
|
Female | 0.919 (0.653-1.294) | .63 | — | — | |||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
|
|
Under 35 | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
35-39 | 1.101 (0.735-1.648) | .64 | — | — | |||||
|
|
More than 40 | 1.187 (0.749-1.883) | .47 | — | — | |||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||
|
|
Han | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
Ethnic minority | 1.081 (0.236-5.530) | .92 | — | — | |||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||
|
|
Unmarried | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
Married | 0.906 (0.599-1.366) | .64 | — | — | |||||
| Given birth (number of children) | ||||||||||
|
|
No | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
Yes | 1.142 (0.765-1.703) | .52 | — | — | |||||
| Mortgage or debt pressure | ||||||||||
|
|
No | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
Yes | 0.903 (0.618,1.314) | .59 | — | — | |||||
| Field of specialization | ||||||||||
|
|
Internal medicine | Ref | — | Ref | — | |||||
|
|
Surgery | 0.778 (0.382-1.565) | .48 | 0.692 (0.312-1.531) | .36 | |||||
|
|
Anesthesiology | 0.632 (0.343-1.142) | .13 | 0.602 (0.306-1.182) | .14 | |||||
|
|
Emergency medicine | 1.156 (0.584-2.265) | .68 | 1.103 (0.520-2.338) | .80 | |||||
|
|
Other | 0.930 (0.381-2.295) | .87 | 0.805 (0.303-2.140) | .66 | |||||
| Education | ||||||||||
|
|
Bachelor’s degree | Ref | — | Ref | — | |||||
|
|
Master’s degree | 0.898 (0.627-1.288) | .56 | 0.978 (0.654-1.462) | .91 | |||||
|
|
Doctorate or above | 1.672 (0.877-3.316) | .13 | 1.813 (0.870-3.778) | .11 | |||||
| Hospital level | ||||||||||
|
|
Public tertiary hospital | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
Other | 1.081 (0.692-1.698) | .73 | — | — | |||||
| Teaching hospital | ||||||||||
|
|
No | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
Yes | 0.856 (0.511-1.420) | .55 | — | — | |||||
| Average monthly income per capita income (US $) | ||||||||||
|
|
5000 or less | Ref | — | Ref | — | |||||
|
|
5001-10,000 | 1.841 (0.863-4.025) | .12 | 1.785 (0.768-4.147) | .18 | |||||
|
|
10,001-20,000 | 1.694 (0.790-3.723) | .18 | 1.606 (0.691-3.730) | .27 | |||||
|
|
More than 20,000 | 2.140 (0.764-6.206) | .15 | 2.253 (0.720-7.050) | .16 | |||||
|
|
Prefer not to disclose | 1.636 (0.703-3.892) | .26 | 1.919 (0.752-4.896) | .17 | |||||
| Relatives working in research | ||||||||||
|
|
No | Ref | — | Ref | — | |||||
|
|
Yes | 1.210 (0.792-1.861) | .38 | 1.118 (0.702-1.782) | .64 | |||||
|
|
Unsure | 0.458 (0.139-1.351) | .17 | 0.457 (0.130-1.600) | .22 | |||||
| Number of research project led or deeply participated in | ||||||||||
|
|
None | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
1~2 projects | 1.249 (0.855-1.832) | .25 | — | — | |||||
|
|
3-5 projects | 1.115 (0.613-2.049) | .72 | — | — | |||||
| Number of research training or seminars you have attended | ||||||||||
|
|
None | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
Approximately 1-2 times | 0.856 (0.549-1.331) | .49 | — | — | |||||
|
|
3-5 times | 0.890 (0.491-1.621) | .70 | — | — | |||||
|
|
More than 5 times | 0.913 (0.569-1.465) | .71 | — | — | |||||
| Research atmosphere in your team | ||||||||||
|
|
Poor | Ref | — | Ref | — | |||||
|
|
Average | 1.067 (0.625-1.826) | .81 | 1.202 (0.645-2.237) | .56 | |||||
|
|
Good | 1.685 (0.994-2.864) | .053 | 1.915 (1.038-3.533) | .04 | |||||
| Rate your mentor or department head’s research competence | ||||||||||
|
|
Poor or very poor | Ref | — | — | — | |||||
|
|
Average | 0.499 (0.189-1.237) | .14 | 0.434 (0.149-1.259) | .12 | |||||
|
|
Good | 0.691 (0.265-1.692) | .43 | 0.466 (0.162-1.342) | .16 | |||||
|
|
Excellent | 0.941 (0.359-2.321) | .90 | 0.557 (0.193-1.611) | .28 | |||||
aOR: odds ratio.
bReference values.
cNot applicable.