Table 3.
Perioperative details of the study patients.
| Variables | All patients (n = 1334) | Stroke group (n = 105, 7.9%) | Group without stroke (n = 1229, 92.1%) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of surgery (n, %) | Isolated CABG | 364 (27.3) | 19 (18.1) | 345 (28.1) | < 0.001 |
| Valve surgery | 707 (52.9) | 43 (40.9) | 664 (54.02) | ||
| CABG + valve | 71 (5.3) | 12 (11.4) | 59 (4.8) | ||
| Bentall's operation | 32 (2.4) | 9 (8.6) | 23 (1.9) | ||
| Heart transplantation | 68 (5.1) | 7 (6.7) | 61 (5) | ||
| LVAD implantation | 56 (4.2) | 7 (6.7) | 49 (4) | ||
| ACHD | 17 (1.3) | 4 (3.8) | 13 (1.1) | ||
| Pulmonary endarterectomy | 11 (0.82) | 0 | 11 (0.89) | ||
| Resection of cardiac tumor | 8 (0.6) | 0 | 8 (0.7) | ||
|
| |||||
| Valve surgery (n, %) | MVR | 309 (23.16) | 19 (18.1) | 290 (23.6) | 0.08 |
| AVR | 188 (14.1) | 18 (17.1) | 171 (13.9) | ||
| MVR + AVR | 73 (5.47) | 10 (9.5) | 63 (5.1) | ||
| TVR | 19 (1.42) | 0 | 19 (1.5) | ||
| MVR + TV repair | 141 (10.57) | 9 (8.6) | 132 (10.7) | ||
| MVR + AVR + TV repair | 59 (4.42) | 7 (6.7) | 52 (4.2) | ||
| Mitral repair | 21 (1.6) | 5 (4.8) | 16 (1.3) | ||
|
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| Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min) | 136 (105, 174) | 165.5 (126, 234) | 136 (104, 171) | < 0.001 | |
|
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| Aortic cross-clamping time (min) | 90 (75, 123) | 112 (79, 163) | 89 (75, 121.5) | < 0.001 | |
|
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| Circulatory arrest (n, %) | 22 (1.65) | 10 (9.5) | 12 (1) | < 0.001 | |
|
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| Perioperative IABP (n, %) | 68 (5.1) | 14 (13.3) | 54 (4.4) | < 0.001 | |
|
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| Perioperative VA-ECMO (n, %) | 178 (13.34) | 26 (24.8) | 152 (12.37) | < 0.001 | |
|
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| ECMO cannulation (n, %) | Central | 87 (6.52) | 16 (15.2) | 71 (5.78) | 0.003 |
| Peripheral | 81 (6.07) | 7 (6.7) | 74 (6.02) | ||
| Central then peripheral | 6 (0.45) | 2 (1.9) | 4 (0.33) | ||
| Peripheral then central | 4 (0.29) | 1 (0.95) | 3 (0.24) | ||
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| Exploration for thoracic bleeding (n, %) | 133 (10) | 24 (22.9) | 109 (8.9) | < 0.001 | |
|
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| New-onset POAF (n, %) | 95 (7.1) | 9 (8.6) | 86 (7) | 0.54 | |
|
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| Atrial fibrillation (preoperative and POAF) | 424 (31.8) | 31 (29.5) | 393 (32) | 0.604 | |
Abbreviations: AVR, aortic valve replacement; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; MVR, mitral valve replacement; POAF, postoperative atrial fibrillation; TV, tricuspid valve; TVR, tricuspid valve replacement; VA-ECMO, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.