Table 2. Cognitive assessment results of study participants by HbA1c category.

Variables	Total population (n = 3244)	Low HbA1c group (< 6.5 mmol/L) (n = 2043)	High HbA1c group (≥ 6.5 mmol/L) (n = 1201)	P-value
Data are presented as mean ± SD. ADL: Activities of daily living; MMSE: Mini-mental state examination; MoCA: montreal cognitive assessment; SAS: self-rating anxiety scale; SDS: self-rating depression scale.
MMSE Scale
MMSE Total score	27.53 ± 2.90	27.65 ± 2.81	27.33 ± 3.05	0.002
Orientation	9.70 ± 0.87	9.73 ± 0.83	9.65 ± 0.94	0.023
Memory	2.94 ± 0.30	2.94 ± 0.29	2.94 ± 0.31	0.789
Concentration And Calculation	4.14 ± 1.38	4.18 ± 1.34	4.06 ± 1.44	0.016
Recall	2.28 ± 0.88	2.30 ± 0.87	2.25 ± 0.89	0.205
Language	8.47 ± 0.87	8.78 ± 0.52	8.29 ± 0.97	< 0.001
MoCA Scale
MoCA Total score	22.85 ± 4.19	23.08 ± 4.13	22.45 ± 4.27	< 0.001
Visuospatial	3.31 ± 1.32	3.39 ± 1.31	3.19 ± 1.33	< 0.001
Naming	2.84 ± 0.49	2.84 ± 0.48	2.83 ± 0.51	0.716
Memory	2.23 ± 1.44	2.27 ± 1.45	2.17 ± 1.43	0.064
Attention	5.47 ± 1.01	5.51 ± 0.97	5.40 ± 1.06	0.006
Language	2.07 ± 0.78	2.11 ± 0.78	2.00 ± 0.78	< 0.001
Abstraction	1.15 ± 0.80	1.17 ± 0.80	1.11 ± 0.80	0.064
Delay Call	2.23 ± 1.43	2.26 ± 1.44	2.16 ± 1.41	0.060
Orientation	5.79 ± 0.67	5.81 ± 0.64	5.75 ± 0.71	0.032
SAS Scale	38.03 ± 9.14	37.95 ± 8.98	38.19 ± 9.42	0.470
ADL Scale	14.50 ± 2.21	14.42 ± 1.98	14.62 ± 2.55	0.021
SDS Scale	35.85 ± 7.66	35.72 ± 7.51	36.06 ± 7.91	0.234