Fig. 1.

Effects of mixed probiotics on kidney damage caused by a high-purine diet. (A) Schematic experimental design for mixed probiotics intervention. (B-D) Alteration of serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid in three groups of mice (n = 6). The data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6); (E) Representative kidney tissue sections of three groups. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining; (F) Representative kidney tissue sections of three groups Masson’s trichrome staining; (G) Immunohistochemical staining of SMA in kidney tissues of three groups. * P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. Analysis was performed by ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test