Table 1.
Studies included in the review of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and heart rate variability.
| Author (Yr) | Population (HF Type, Approx. Age Yrs) |
Male (%) |
Number of HFrEF Patients (n) |
Ischemic Etiology (%) |
Method of Recording (Duration, Software) |
Heart Rate Variability Indices |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ponikowski et al. (1997) [29] |
LVEF<45%, 58 yrs | 88 | 102 | 76% | 24 hr, Marquette 8500 | SDNN, SDANN, rMSSD, pNN50, log LF, log HF |
| Jiang et al. (1997) [30] |
HFrEF, 67 yrs | 81 | 26 | 85% | 2 hr, Marquette 8000 | SDNN, SDANN, rMSSD, pNN50, LF, HF |
| Bonaduce et al. (1999) [31] |
HFrEF, 55 yrs | 79 | 97 | 59% | 24 hr, unknown | SDNN, SDANN, rMSSD, Total power, VLF, LF, HF, LF/HF, SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2 |
| Soejima et al. (2000) [32] |
HFrEF, 60 yrs, (52 controls, 62 yrs) |
74 | 90 | 57% | 24 hr, Marquette 8000 | LF, HF, LF/HF |
| Musialik-Łydka et al. (2003) [33] |
HFrEF, 54 yrs, (30 age- and gender-matched controls) |
84 | 105 | 73% | 24 hr, unknown | SDNN, SDANN, rMSSD |
| Kocaman et al. (2010) [34] |
HFrEF, 63 yrs | 74 | 50 | 74% | 24 hr, unknown | SDNN, SDANN, rMSSD |
Abbreviations: HF, heart failure; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SDNN, standard deviation of NN intervals; SDANN, standard deviation of the normal-normal R-R period; rMSSD, root mean square successive difference; pNN50, percent of difference between adjacent normal RR intervals greater than 50 ms; VLF, very low frequency; LF, low frequency; HF, high frequency; SD, standard deviation.