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. 2025 Apr 25;13:1569211. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1569211

TABLE 6.

Analytical methods performed in each publication after co-culture of cells and bacteria.

Analytical methods Staining Study with applied method
Microscopy CLSM imaging Tubulin Tracker Red + DAPI Jia et al. (2016)
Phalloidin-TRICT + DAPI Ren et al. (2019)
Antibody staining Ren et al. (2019)
LIVE/DEAD Mikolai et al. (2020)
FISH Mikolai et al. (2020)
SEM imaging Jia et al. (2016) and Mohiti-Asli et al. (2016)
Light microscope imaging Alzarin Red S Mohiti-Asli et al. (2016)
Histology Specific antibody Ingendoh-Tsakmakidis et al. (2019) and Murkar et al. (2024)
Van Gieson Ingendoh-Tsakmakidis et al. (2019). and Mikolai et al. (2020)
Hematoxylin + eosin Murkar et al. (2024)
Molecular methods Cytokine analysis Ingendoh-Tsakmakidis et al. (2019), Mikolai et al. (2020), and Murkar et al. (2024)
Gene expression analysis Ingendoh-Tsakmakidis et al. (2019) and Mikolai et al. (2020)
Culture based methods Agar plate spreading Mohiti-Asli et al. (2016), Murkar et al. (2024), and Jia et al. (2016)
Cell counting Bonifacio et al. (2020)
Functional assays Calcium accretion + DNA quantification Mohiti-Asli et al. (2016)