Table 4.

Bi-variable logistic regression analysis to identify factors of VAP among adult intensive care unit admitted patients in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024.

Variable	Category	Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
		Yes	No	COR	95%CI	P-value
Age	<60	65 (61.9%)	206 (89.6%)	1	1
	> = 60	40 (38.1%)	24 (10.4%)	5.282	2.964–9.413	0.000
Sex	Male	68 (64.8%)	123 (53.4%)	1.599	0.992–2.576	0.054
	Female	37 (35.2%)	107 (46.6%)
Re-intubation	Yes	73 (69.5%)	40 (17.4%)	10.836	6.330–18.548	0.000
	No	32 (30.5%)	190 (82.6%)
H2 blocker	Yes	57 (54.3%)	150 (65.2%)	0.633	0.396–1.013	0.057
	No	48 (45.7%)	80 (34.8%)
Corticosteroid use	Yes	77 (73.3%)	178 (77.4%)	0.803	0.472–1.367	0.419
	No	28 (26.7%)	52 (22.6%)
Tracheostomy	Yes	63 (60%)	35 (15.2%)	8.357	4.914–14.212	0.000
	No	42 (40%)	195 (84.8%)
Day on MV	>14	90 (85.7%)	82 (35.7%)	10.829	5.887–19.922	0.000
	<=14	15 (14.3%)	148 (64.3%)
Emergency intubation	Yes	57 (54.3%)	70 (30.4%)	2.714	1.687–4.368	0.000
	No	48 (45.7%)	160 (69.6%)
Taken ≥3 antibiotics	Yes	39 (37.1%)	83 (36%)	1.047	0.648–1.689	0.852
	No	66 (62.9%)	147 (64%)
Blood transfusion	Yes	41 (39%)	91 (39.6%)	0.979	0.610–1.570	0.928
	No	64 (61%)	139 (60.4%)
Supine head position	Yes	17 (16.2%)	45 (19.6%)	0.794	0.430–1.466	0.461
	No	88 (83.8%)	185 (80.4%)
Comorbidity	Yes	43 (41%)	82 (35.7%)	1.252	0.780–2.010	0.353
	No	62 (59%)	148 (64.3%)
Pulmonary	Yes	49 (46.7%)	88 (38.3%)	1.412	0.885–2.251	0.147
	No	56 (53.3%)	142 (61.7%)
Low GCS	Yes	52 (49.5%)	95 (41.3%)	1.394	0.877–2.217	0.160
	No	53 (50.5%)	135 (58.7%)
Head trauma	Yes	48 (45.7%)	87 (37.8%)	1.384	0.867–2.209	0.173
	No	57 (54.3%)	143 (62.2%)
Burn	Yes	4 (3.8%)	23 (10%)	0.356	0.120–1.058	0.063
	No	101 (96.2%)	207 (90%)
Cardiac	Yes	8 (7.6%)	39 (17%)	0.404	0.182–0.898	0.026
	No	97 (92.4%)	191 (83%)

*PV < 0.05 statistically significant, 1 = reference.

AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; COR, crude odds ratio; MV, mechanical Ventilator; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale.