Table 5.

Multivariable analysis to identify factors of VAP among adult intensive care unit admitted patients in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2024.

Variable	Category	Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)
		Yes	No	COR	95%CI	P-value	AOR	95%CI	P-value
Age	<60	65 (61.9%)	206 (89.6%)	1			1
	≥60	40 (38.1%)	24 (10.4%)	5.282	2.964–9.413	0.000	3.293	1.521–7.127	0.002 *
Sex	Male	68 (64.8%)	123 (53.4%)	1.599	0.992–2.576	0.054	0.946	0.496–1.802	0.865
	Female	37 (35.2%)	107 (46.6%)				1
Re-intubation	Yes	73 (69.5%)	40 (17.4%)	10.836	6.330–18.548	0.000	4.808	2.439–9.478	0.000 *
	No	32 (30.5%)	190 (82.6%)				1
H2 blocker	Yes	57 (54.3%)	150 (65.2%)	0.633	0.396–1.013	0.057	0.653	0.338–1.263	0.205
	No	48 (45.7%)	80 (34.8%)				1
Tracheostomy	Yes	63 (60%)	35 (15.2%)	8.357	4.914–14.212	0.000	2.510	1.208–5.213	0.014 *
	No	42 (40%)	195 (84.8%)				1
Day on MV	>14	90 (85.7%)	82 (35.7%)	10.829	5.887–19.922	0.000	3.242	1.445–7.276	0.004 *
	<=14	15 (14.3%)	148 (64.3%)				1
Emergency intubation	Yes	57 (54.3%)	70 (30.4%)	2.714	1.687–4.368	0.000	2.452	1.305–4.606	0.005 *
	No	48 (45.7%)	160 (69.6%)				1
Pulmonary	Yes	49 (46.7%)	88 (38.3%)	1.412	0.885–2.251	0.147	2.067	0.567–7.537	0.271
	No	56 (53.3%)	142 (61.7%)				1
Low GCS	Yes	52 (49.5%)	95 (41.3%)	1.394	0.877–2.217	0.160	0.963	0.467–1.984	0.918
	No	53 (50.5%)	135 (58.7%)				1
Head trauma	Yes	48 (45.7%)	87 (37.8%)	1.384	0.867–2.209	0.173	3.968	0.934–16.860	0.062
	No	57 (54.3%)	143 (62.2%)				1
Burn	Yes	4 (3.8%)	23 (10%)	0.356	0.120–1.058	0.063	0.913	0.146–5.713	0.922
	No	101 (96.2%)	207 (90%)				1
Cardiac	Yes	8 (7.6%)	39 (17%)	0.404	0.182–0.898	0.026	0.766	0.184–3.194	0.715
	No	97 (92.4%)	191 (83%)				1

*Indicates statistically significant, 1 = reference.

AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; COR, crude odds ratio; MV, mechanical Ventilator; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale.