Table 2.
Results of regional population size and health screening.
| Variables | Health screening | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3a | ||||||||||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||||||||||
| Fixed effects intercept (S.E) | 0.39*(0.05) | 0.94*(0.09) | 1.09*(0.08) | |||||||||
| Regional-level characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Regional population size | ||||||||||||
| Decrease (≥ 10% reduction) | 0.88 | (0.85) | – | (0.90) | 0.85 | (0.82) | – | (0.88) | ||||
| Stable (0–10% reduction) | 0.96 | (0.94) | – | (0.99) | 0.95 | (0.92) | – | (0.98) | ||||
| Increase (> 0%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Aging index | ||||||||||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| High | 1.09 | (0.94) | – | (1.27) | 0.93 | (0.84) | – | (1.04) | ||||
| Financial independence ratio | ||||||||||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| High | 0.87 | (0.84) | – | (0.89) | 0.93 | (0.90) | – | (0.95) | ||||
| Individual-level characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||
| 19–39 | 0.28 | (0.27) | – | (0.29) | 0.28 | (0.27) | – | (0.29) | ||||
| 40–49 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| 50–59 | 1.30 | (1.25) | – | (1.35) | 1.30 | (1.26) | – | (1.35) | ||||
| 60–69 | 1.64 | (1.58) | – | (1.70) | 1.64 | (1.58) | – | (1.70) | ||||
| ≥ 70 | 1.40 | (1.34) | – | (1.45) | 1.40 | (1.35) | – | (1.45) | ||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | 0.80 | (0.78) | – | (0.83) | 0.80 | (0.78) | – | (0.83) | ||||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Separated or divorced | 0.70 | (0.68) | – | (0.72) | 0.70 | (0.68) | – | (0.72) | ||||
| Unmarried | 0.36 | (0.35) | – | (0.37) | 0.36 | (0.35) | – | (0.37) | ||||
| Household income level | ||||||||||||
| Low | 0.61 | (0.59) | – | (0.64) | 0.61 | (0.59) | – | (0.64) | ||||
| Middle | 0.83 | (0.81) | – | (0.85) | 0.83 | (0.81) | – | (0.85) | ||||
| High | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Region | ||||||||||||
| Metropolitan | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| City | 0.83 | (0.68) | – | (1.01) | 0.81 | (0.69) | – | (0.96) | ||||
| Rural | 1.08 | (0.89) | – | (1.30) | 1.06 | (0.91) | – | (1.24) | ||||
| Alcohol status | ||||||||||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Ever | 1.15 | (1.12) | – | (1.18) | 1.15 | (1.12) | – | (1.18) | ||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||||||
| Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Ever | 0.89 | (0.87) | - | (0.92) | 0.89 | (0.86) | - | (0.92) | ||||
| Self-reported health status | ||||||||||||
| High | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Middle | 1.03 | (1.01) | – | (1.05) | 1.03 | (1.01) | – | (1.06) | ||||
| Low | 0.89 | (0.86) | – | (0.92) | 0.90 | (0.87) | – | (0.92) | ||||
| Health Literacy | ||||||||||||
| Low | 0.78 | (0.76) | – | (0.80) | 0.78 | (0.76) | – | (0.80) | ||||
| High | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Error variance | ||||||||||||
| Level-2 intercept (S.E) | 0.01*(0.02) | 0.007*(0.015) | 0.004*(0.01) | |||||||||
| Model fit | ||||||||||||
| -2LL | 247046.7 | 216690.7 | 216555.9 | |||||||||
| Pearson Chi-Square/DF | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||
*p < 0.05; ICC (Intraclass correlation coefficient): 0.0500 (<0.0001). aBest fitting model.