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. 2025 Apr 25;13:1537811. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1537811

Table 2.

Exploratory factor analysis results (n = 347).

Factor Item Loading h2
F1
ω = 0.894
Staff members follow safety protocols. 0.796 0.651
Hand hygiene is promoted. 0.744 0.732
Supervisor guidance. 0.739 0.770
Supervisor ensures PPE usage. 0.707 0.765
Supplies for hand hygiene are available. 0.673 0.592
Colleagues follow safety protocols. 0.649 0.521
PPE available in key areas. 0.626 0.483
I receive feedback if I fail to follow HAI measures. 0.608 0.611
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers in key areas. 0.603 0.491
Nursing team motivates adherence to HAI measures. 0.599 0.590
Resources related to HAI. 0.535 0.591
Visual reminders in key areas. 0.531 0.544
“Bare below the elbows” policy. 0.516 0.362
F2
ω = 0.872
Team members think better of me. 0.851 0.525
Team members also follow these measures. 0.778 0.478
I will achieve better grades. 0.730 0.521
Meeting my supervisor’s expectations. 0.722 0.594
Driven by professional ethics. 0.717 0.671
I want to implement prevention measures. 0.672 0.449
Concern for patient safety. 0.596 0.608
Aim to provide quality care. 0.557 0.501
Concern for my own safety. 0.542 0.451
My primary motivation is patient health. 0.527 0.586
I understand the implications. 0.509 0.532
F3
ω = 0.843
Nurses during clinical practice. 0.793 0.625
Simulation. 0.792 0.619
My classmates. 0.765 0.561
General courses. 0.753 0.553
Supervisors during clinical practice. 0.680 0.614
Specialized literature. 0.659 0.575
Other professionals during clinical practice. 0.627 0.553
HAI-specific course. 0.593 0.408
F4
ω = 0.806
Protective clothing. 0.774 0.404
Environmental surface decontamination. 0.741 0.492
Clinical waste management. 0.674 0.471
Medical device decontamination. 0.668 0.467
Use of personal protective equipment. 0.651 0.332
Preparation and administration of intravenous medications. 0.598 0.532
Exposure to microbial agents. 0.594 0.629
Additional precautions. 0.565 0.523
Hand hygiene. 0.482 0.526
Respiratory tract infections. 0.452 0.481
Individual risk assessment. 0.447 0.536
F5
ω = 0.841
Workshops or classes. 0.757 0.566
Visual resources and technologies. 0.695 0.541
Professors discuss HAI measures. 0.633 0.574
Laboratory classes. 0.631 0.366
Theoretical classes. 0.570 0.492
Mandatory courses. 0.542 0.352
Simulation. 0.529 0.541
Adequate technological resources. 0.526 0.352
Student-teacher relationships. 0.517 0.492
Professors’ feedback. 0.458 0.574
F6
ω = 0.848
Highly interested in continuing a nursing career. 0.898 0.798
Nursing fulfills my expectations. 0.863 0.718
Satisfied with my career choice. 0.857 0.776
Clinical practices keep me motivated. 0.792 0.663
F7
ω = 0.845
Emotional fatigue. 0.856 0.763
Mental fatigue. 0.855 0.749
Physical fatigue. 0.824 0.742
Difficult moments in personal life. 0.739 0.484
Feeling tired during clinical practice. 0.593 0.507
Academic overload. 0.583 0.374
F8
ω = 0.828
Did not wash or disinfect hands. 0.889 0.629
Did not use masks. 0.812 0.616
Did not wear gloves. 0.775 0.561
Attended a patient without changing PPE. 0.731 0.561
Wore accessories below the elbows. 0.565 0.497
Forgot to follow safety protocols. 0.521 0.453
F9
ω = 0.789
Caring for patients with multiple conditions. 0.815 0.661
Managing multiple clinical tasks. 0.713 0.538
Numerous requests from patients and relatives. 0.693 0.519
Emotionally demanding cases. 0.641 0.483
Conversations with peers. 0.611 0.402
Overcrowded patient spaces. 0.532 0.424
F10
ω = 0.745
Did not wear gloves. 0.838 0.608
Did not wash or disinfect hands. 0.822 0.653
All HAI protocols must be followed. 0.774 0.561
F11
ω = 0.751
Some HAI protocols are unnecessary. 0.791 0.531
I express reservations about protocols. 0.701 0.542
Excessive use of disposable materials is unnecessary. 0.657 0.459
PPE is uncomfortable. 0.604 0.459
My supervisor constantly monitors my HAI measures. 0.601 0.481

Factor loadings > 0.40 are reported. h2 = communalities.