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. 2025 May 8;15:16053. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-00605-2

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© The Author(s) 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Regulation of calcium absorption in SCBN cells by 17β-estradiol and the pivotal role of PMCA1b. (A) Representative time course of changes in intracellular calcium levels under different conditions. (B) Comparisons of the increase in intracellular calcium levels among different groups, emphasizing the influence of PMCA1b. (C) Comparisons of the recovery time for intracellular calcium levels among different groups. E2, 17β-estradiol; TFP, PMCA1b inhibitor. ∆Ratio refers to maximal value minus base value. Recovery time refers to the time from the maximum value to the stable value. *P < 0.05, ^#P > 0.05, compared with controls.