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. 2025 May 8;13:488. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-02787-w

Table 4.

Associated factors of anxiety and sleep disturbances

Characteristics Frequency (Percentage), n = 307
Not at all/never A Moderate/most Very
little/sometimes of the time serious/all
of the time
Academic 101 (32.90) 113 (36.80) 65 (21.20) 28 (9.10)
stressors
Financial pressure 126 (41.00) 101 (32.90) 52 (17.00) 28 (9.10)
Language barrier 124 (40.40) 121 (39.40) 49 (16.00) 13 (4.20)
Interpersonal 132 (43.00) 81 (26.40) 66 (21.50) 28 (9.10)
relationships
Mental illness and 284 (92.50) 4 (1.30) 5 (1.60) 14 (4.60)
use of psychoactive
substances
Teaching and 163 (53.10) 96 (31.30) 38 (12.40) 10 (3.20)
learning stressors
BMI problem or 160 (52.10) 82 (26.70) 45 (14.70) 20 (6.50)
daily meals
Gambling 243 (79.10) 30 (9.80) 18 (5.90) 16 (5.20)
behavior
Travel time to 162 (52.80) 91 (29.60) 38 (12.40) 16 (5.20)
university