Table 2.
Predictive factors for distinguishing gastric gists from leiomyomas
| Variable | GIST [n (%)] | Leiomyoma [n (%)] | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis a) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 99 (36.94) | 35 (26.51) | 1[Reference] | 1[Reference] | ||
| Female | 169 (63.06) | 97 (73.48) | 0.62(0.39–0.96) | 0.039 b) | 0.75(0.44–1.28) | 0.288 |
| Age (year) | ||||||
| ≤ 55 | 94 | 89 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| >55 | 174 | 43 | 3.83(2.46–5.96) | <0.001 b) | 3.05(1.86-5.00) | <0.001 b) |
| Lesion location | ||||||
| Upper third of stomach | 161 (60.07) | 61 (46.21) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Middle third of stomach | 100 (37.31) | 70 (53.03) | 0.54(0.35–0.83) | 0.005 b) | 0.58(0.36–0.96) | 0.033 b) |
| Lower third of stomach | 7 (2.61) | 1 (0.76) | 2.65(0.32–22.01) | 0.366 | 1.57(1.15–16.19) | 0.710 |
| Lesion size (cm) | ||||||
| <2.0 | 208(77.61) | 122(92.42) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| ≥2.0 | 60(22.39) | 10(7.58) | 3.52(1.74–7.13) | <0.001 b) | 3.45(1.51–7.88) | 0.003 b) |
| Originating layer | ||||||
| Deep mucosa | 2 (0.75) | 1 (0.76) | 1 [Reference] | |||
| Muscularis mucosa | 1 (0.37) | 2 (1.52) | 0.25(0.01–7.45) | 0.423 | ||
| Submucosa | 12 (4.48) | 4 (3.03) | 1.50(0.11–21.31) | 0.765 | ||
| Muscularis propria | 253 (94.40) | 125 (94.70) | 1.01(0.09–11.27) | 0.992 | ||
| Echogenicity | ||||||
| Non-hypoechoic | 8 (2.99) | 0 | 1 [Reference] | |||
| Hypo-echoic | 260 (97.01) | 132 (100.00) | 0.00(0.00–0.00) | 0.999 | ||
| Echo heterogeneity | ||||||
| Homogeneous | 175 (68.09) c) | 119 (98.35) c) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||
| Inhomogeneous | 82 (31.90) | 2 (1.65) | 27.88(6.73-115.56) | <0.001 b) | 20.77(4.93–87.52) | <0.001 b) |
GIST, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor; CI, Confidence interval
(a) These variables of sex, age, lesion location, lesion size, and echo heterogeneity were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. (b)P value is statistically significant. (c) Echo heterogeneity was not described in the original reports for 11 lesions