Table 2.
Studies’ and participants’ characteristics
| Study author (country, year) | RCT design | Setting | Sample size (n analyzed) | Female % | Age mean (SD) | Health status/characteristics | Topic* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amasene (Spain, 2019) |
Parallel Single-blind Placebo-controlled |
Community Post-hospitalization |
A1: 21 (15) A2: 20 (13) |
A1: 46.7 A2: 53.8 |
A1: 82.9 (5.6) A2: 81.7 (6.5) |
Sarcopenic | 1 |
| Daly (Australia, 2014) | Cluster | Self-care retirement villages |
A1: 53 (48) A2: 47 (43) |
A1: 100 A2: 100 |
A1: 72.1 (6.4) A2: 73.6 (7.7) |
Postmenopausal | 1 |
| De Azevedo Bach (Brazil, 2022) |
Parallel Double-blind Placebo-controlled |
Community |
A1: 18 (15) A2: 18 (16) |
A1: 66.7 A2: 75.0 |
A1: 66.9 (4.3) A2: 65.8 (5.0) |
Healthy, older | 1 |
| Evans (USA, 2007) |
Parallel Double-blind Placebo-controlled |
NR |
Total: 61 (43) A1: (10) A2: (12) A3: (11) A4: (10) |
A1: 100 A2: 100 A3: 100 A4: 100 |
A1: 63.5 (4.8) A2: 62.8 (5.3) A3: 62.5 (5.3) A4: 59.7 (5.2) |
Postmenopausal | 2 |
| Fernandes (Brazil, 2018) |
Parallel Double-blind Placebo-controlled |
Community |
A1: 16 A2: 16 |
A1: 100 A2: 100 |
A1: 67.3 (4.1) A2: 67.8 (4.0) |
Physically independent | 1 |
| Leenders (Netherlands, 2013) |
Parallel Double-blind Placebo-controlled |
Community |
A1: 30 (27) A2: 30 (26) |
A1: 44 A2: 46 |
A1: W: 72 (2) M: 70 (1) A2: W: 69 (1) M: 70 (1) |
Living independently | 1 |
| Roschel (Brazil, 2021) |
Parallel Double-blind Placebo-controlled |
Community |
A1: 45 (39) A2: 22 (20) A3: 45 (41) |
A1: 49 A2: 100 A3: 49 |
A1: W: 72 (6) M: 73 (8) A2: W: 72 (6) A3: W: 73 (6) M: 72 (5) |
Pre-frail or frail | 1 |
| Shenoy (India, 2014) | Parallel | NR |
A1: 20 A2: 20 |
A1: 100 A2: 100 |
A1: 54.6 (5.2) A2: 54.1 (6.9) |
Postmenopausal Osteopenic or osteoporotic |
2 |
| Verdijk (Netherlands, 2009) |
Parallel Double-blind Placebo-controlled |
Community |
A1: 14 (13) A2: 14 (13) |
A1: 0 A2: 0 |
A1: 72 (2) A2: 72 (2) |
Living independently | 1 |
A study arm, M men, W women, *Topic 1 additional effect of protein on exercise, Topic 2 additional effect of exercise on protein