Table 4.

GRADE assessment on the meta-analysis of combined milk-derived protein and exercise interventions compared to exercise alone on bone mineral content (kg)

Certainty assessment							Summary of findings
Participants (studies) follow-up	Risk of bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Publication bias	Overall certainty of evidence	Participants		Anticipated absolute effects
							With exercise	With milk protein  +  exercise	Risk difference with protein  +  exercise
142 (4 RCTs)	Seriousa	Not serious	Not serious	Seriousb	None	⨁⨁◯◯ Low	72	71	MD 0.01 kg higher (0.01 lower to 0.03 higher)

CI confidence interval, MD weighted mean difference

^aAll studies were rated as “some concerns”

^bThe 95% confidence interval of the pooled effect crossed the line of no effect