Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the individuals included in this study
| Overall (n = 83) | CTRLa(n = 38) | PTLb (n = 45) | χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age (weeks) | 38.8 ± 3.1 | 30.9 ± 2.6 | −15.23 (t test) | < 0.001* | |
| Drug | 0.009 | 0.923 | |||
| yes | 25 (34.72) | 13 (18.06) | 12 (16.67) | ||
| no | 47 (65.28) | 25 (34.72) | 22 (30.56) | ||
| Pregnancy complications | 1.241 | 0.538 | |||
| no | 76(92.68) | 35 (42.68) | 41(50.00) | ||
| Gestational diabetes | 5 (6.10) | 3 (3.66) | 2(2.44) | ||
| preeclampsia | 1 (1.22) | 0 (0.00) | 1(1.22) | ||
| delivery | 15.02 | <0.0005* | |||
| natural labour | 72 (86.75) | 27 (32.53) | 45 (54.22) | ||
| caesarean birth | 10 (12.05) | 10 (12.05) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| forceps delivery | 1 (1.20) | 1 (1.20) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| premature rupture of membranes | 14.72 | <0.0001* | |||
| yes | 30 (38.46) | 6 (7.69) | 24 (30.77) | ||
| no | 48 (61.53) | 24 (39.74) | 17 (21.79) | ||
| Fetal weight | 39.23 | <0.0001* | |||
| <2000 g | 27 (34.62) | 0 (0.00) | 27 (34.62) | ||
| >2000 g | 51 (65.39) | 38 (48.72) | 13 (16.67) | ||
| Placenta weight | 48.05 | <0.0001* | |||
| <500 g | 35 (54.05) | 2 (2.70) | 33 (40.54) | ||
| >500 g | 38 (45.95) | 33 (51.35) | 5 (5.41) | ||
| Amnionitis | 13.76 | 0.0002* | |||
| yes | 21 (21.88) | 4 (3.13) | 17 (18.75) | ||
| no | 49 (78.13) | 33 (53.13) | 16 (25.00) | ||
| First pregnancy | 0.050 | 0.823 | |||
| yes | 40 (42.22) | 18 (15.56) | 22 (26.67) | ||
| no | 40 (57.78) | 19 (26.67) | 21 (31.11) | ||
| Abortion | 2.967 | 0.227 | |||
| no | 48 (56.47) | 20 (23.53) | 28(32.94) | ||
| artificial abortion | 21 (24.71) | 13 (15.29) | 8 (9.42) | ||
| spontaneous abortion | 16 (18.82) | 6 (7.06) | 10 (11.76) | ||
| Paternal smoker | 0.312 | 0.576 | |||
| yes | 27 (40.00) | 11 (17.78) | 16 (22.22) | ||
| no | 55 (60.00) | 26 (24.44) | 29 (35.56) | ||
| Exposure to smoke | |||||
| yes | 4(7.27) | 0(0.00) | 4(7.27) | 0.044* | |
| no | 51(92.73) | 29(52.73) | 22(40.00) | ||
| Maternal education | 1.864 | 0.172 | |||
| ≤bachelor | 59 (70.45) | 25 (29.55) | 34 (13.64) | ||
| ≥master | 20 (29.55) | 12 (40.91) | 8 (15.91) | ||
| Paternal education | 0.601 | 0.438 | |||
| ≤bachelor | 30 (68.18) | 15 (34.09) | 15 (34.09) | ||
| ≥master | 14 (31.82) | 4 (9.09) | 10 (22.73) | ||
| Maternal income | 1.253 | 0.263 | |||
| <9000 | 52 (63.64) | 22 (25.00) | 30 (38.64) | ||
| >9000 | 27 (36.36) | 15 (18.18) | 12 (18.18) | ||
| Paternal income | 0.612 | 0.434 | |||
| <9000 | 27 (29.55) | 11 (11.36) | 16 (18.18) | ||
| >9000 | 52 (70.45) | 26 (31.82) | 26 (38.64) | ||
| Live with elders | 0.152 | 0.697 | |||
| yes | 43 (47.73) | 21 (20.45) | 22 (27.27) | ||
| no | 36 (52.27) | 16 (22.73) | 20 (29.55) | ||
| Area of house (m2) | 5.639 | 0.018* | |||
| <100 | 39 (54.55) | 13 (31.82) | 26 (22.73) | ||
| >100 | 40 (45.45) | 24 (11.36) | 16 (34.09) | ||
| Early pregnancy nocturia | 0.022* | ||||
| <3 | 6 (17.14) | 6 (17.14) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| ≥ 3 | 29 (82.86) | 13 (37.14) | 16 (45.71) |
aCTRL: Control group (term deliveries, gestational age ≥ 37 weeks)
bPTL: Spontaneous preterm labor group (delivery between 20 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks of gestation, confirmed by first-trimester ultrasound, with regular uterine contractions and cervical dilation ≥ 4 cm, excluding iatrogenic causes)