Table 4.
Exploratory analysis using multivariable models of the increase in the odds of developing breast cancer in carriers of PVs in genes grouped by ER status of associated cancers by risk factor
| ER-positive genes (ATM and CHEK2) | ER-negative genes (BRCA1 and PALB2) | Negative testa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factor | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| BMI (obese vs. normal) | 1.16 (0.51–2.65) | 0.81 (0.17–4.20) | 1.33 (1.22–1.45)*** |
| Family history (FDR vs. none) | 1.26 (0.56–2.99) | 0.84 (0.22–3.49) | 1.42 (1.29–1.57)*** |
| NSES (per SD) | 0.96 (0.67–1.34)b | 0.91 (0.58–1.28)b | 0.97 (0.97–1.00) |
| Smoking (ever vs. never) | 0.60 (0.29–1.22)b | 2.50 (0.59–14.30) | 1.11 (1.04–1.20)** |
| Alcohol (ever vs. never) | 0.79 (0.24–2.32)b | 1.38 (0.13–8.38) | 1.01 (0.90–1.15) |
| Parity (ever vs. never) | 0.40 (0.11–1.21) | 1.05 (0.09–6.63) | 0.81 (0.72–0.90)*** |
| Breastfeeding (ever vs. never) | 0.85 (0.41–1.71) | 0.26 (0.03–1.31) | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) |
| Oophorectomy | 1.38 (0.58–3.56)c | 0.69 (0.17–3.25) | 0.83 (0.76–0.91)*** |
| Tubal ligation | 1.39 (0.51–4.35)c | 0.84 (0.18–5.12) | 0.96 (0.87–1.06) |
| MHT (E + P) | 7.31 (1.14–64.20)* | 0.68 (0.07–9.07) | 1.35 (1.06–1.74)* |
| MHT (E-only) | 2.07 (0.28–15.26) | 1.33 (0.13–18.74) | 0.93 (0.69–1.24) |
*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; and ***, P < 0.001.
Abbreviation: FDR, first-degree relative.
A greater than twofold change in the odds of developing breast cancer is ruled out for all risk factors among women with negative tests.
A greater than twofold increase in the odds of developing breast cancer associated with this risk factor is ruled out for this gene, based on one-sided 95% upper CI limits.
A greater than twofold decrease in the odds of developing breast cancer associated with this risk factor is ruled out for this gene, based on one-sided 95% lower CI limits.