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. 2025 Apr 28;16:1536524. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1536524

Table 4.

Changes in crop yield and soil parameters due to different rates and sources of organic and inorganic fertilizers.

Fertilizer type Crop yield increase (%) Soil organic matter increase (%) Available nutrient increase (%) Microbial activity increase (%) Reduction in nutrient leaching (%) References
Mineral only 10–20 1–2 20–30 5–10 5–10 Timsina (2018)
Organic only 15–25 10–15 15–25 20–30 20–30 Tian et al. (2017)
Combined 25–40 15–25 30–50 30–50 30–50 Dincă et al. (2022)