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. 2025 May 12;15:97–109. doi: 10.33393/aop.2025.3256

TABLE 4 -.

Beta regression for pain intensity within the last week

Parameter Regression (B) coefficient (95% CI) OR
Intercept −0.18 (−6.43 to 6.07) 0.84
Age 0.02 (0.003 to 0.04) * 1.02
Weight 0.02 (0.001 to 0.05) * 1.02
Height −0.02 (−0.06 to 0.02) 0.98
Sex (male = 1) 0.40 (−0.24 to 1.05) 1.50
Neck flexion 0.02 (−0.004 to 0.04) 1.02
Neck extension 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.02) 1.01
Neck protraction 0.001 (−0.13 to 0.13) 1.00
Neck retraction 0.10 (−0.10 to 0.29) 1.10
Neck lateral flexion (affected side) 0.04 (0.01 to 0.07) * 1.04
Neck lateral flexion (unaffected side) −0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01) 0.97
Neck rotation (affected side) −0.03 (−0.05 to -0.001) * 0.98
Neck rotation (unaffected side) 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.03) 1.01
Standardized weighted residuals 2:
  Min     1Q       Median    3Q     Max
-2.33    -0.82      -0.12      0.77    2.13
Phi coefficient (precision model with identity link):
           Estimate     Std. Error     z value       95% CI
(phi)      9.95              1.90           5.23       6.22 to 13.68
Type of estimator: maximum likelihood
Log-likelihood: 25.39 on 14 degrees of freedom
Pseudo R-squared: 0.33

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; 1Q, first quartile; 3Q, third quartile. OR refers to the odds ratio for the outcome measure per unit change in the predictor variable. * p < 0.05