Table 1.

XRF and leachate results for aluminum and brass cookware.

Pot #	Description	Primary material	Country of origin	Median Pb level (XRF, ppm)	Range of Pb levels (XRF, ppm)	Lead leachate conc. at 15 min (μg/mL)	Lead dose/serving at 15 min (μg/250 mL)	Lead leachate conc. at 24 h (μg/mL)	Lead dose/serving at 24 h (μg/250 mL)
50	Idli maker	Hindalium/indolium	India	626	(81, 1463)	0.0182	4.55b	0.132	33c
51	Kadai	Brass	India	5049	(128, 47,191)	0.766	192c	1.34	335c
52	Uruli/kadai	Hindalium/indolium	India	256	(103, 290)	0.00434	1.09	0.0268	6.7b
53	Tadka pan	Hindalium/indolium	India	290	(0, 306)	0.00389	0.973	0.135	33.8c
54	Appam pan	Hindalium/indolium	India	716	(603, 794)	0.0144	3.6b	12.3	3080c
55	Kadai	Hindalium/indolium	India	756	(15, 813)	0.0245	6.13b	0.926	232c
56	Unknown	Hindalium/indolium	India	517	(362, 636)	0.0157	3.93b	1.05	263c
57	Caldero	Aluminum alloy	Colombia	13	(0, 71)	0.00092	0.23	0.0185	4.63b
58	Idli maker	Food-grade aluminum	India	715	(308, 1327)	0.028	7b	0.27	67.5c
59	Caldero	Aluminum alloy	Colombia	8a	(0, 15)	0.00075	0.188	0.0157	3.93b
60	Caldero	Aluminum alloy	Colombia	9a	(0, 15)	0.0006	0.15	0.0167	4.18b
61	Caldero	Aluminum alloy	Colombia	7a	(0, 17)	0.0006	0.15	0.0149	3.73b
62	Kadai	Hindalium/indolium	India	528	(0, 624)	0.0457	11.4c	1.36	340c
80	Stock pot	Aluminum alloy	Unknown	9	(0, 38)	0.00005	0.0125	0.00023	0.0575
81	Cookpot	Aluminum alloy	Thailand	14	(0, 27)	0.00183	0.458	0.0154	3.85b
82	Stock pot	Aluminum alloy	USA	11a	(0, 19)	0.0001	0.025	0.00187	0.468
83	Stock pot	Aluminum alloy	USA	51	(0, 83)	0.00014	0.035	0.0007	0.175
84	Dutch oven	Aluminum alloy	USA	0a	(0, 17)	0.00083	0.208	0.00255	0.638
85	Stock pot	Aluminum alloy	El Salvador	15	(0, 27)	0.00118	0.295	0.0105	2.63b
86	Pressure cooker	Aluminum alloy	China	8a	(0, 147)	0.00053	0.133	0.004	0.898
87	Stock pot	Aluminum alloy	USA	11a	(0, 15)	0.00014	0.035	0.003	0.793
88	Stock pot	Aluminum alloy	China	50	(0, 94)	0.00105	0.263	0.010	2.55b
89	Cookpot	Aluminum alloy	China	93	(0, 26)	0.00045	0.113	0.001	0.243
90	Cookpot	Aluminum alloy	Vietnam	0a	(0, 34)	0.00012	0.03	0.0003	0.0825
91	Cookpot	Aluminum alloy	China	0a	(0, 20)	0.00013	0.0325	0.00024	0.06
92	Cookpot	Aluminum alloy	China	13	(0, 26)	0.013	3.25b	0.0207	5.18b
93	Pressure cooker	Aluminum alloy	Afghanistan	538	(0, 48,193)	0.183	45.8c	3.96	990c
94	Pressure cooker	Aluminum alloy	Afghanistan	605	(0, 64,852)	0.194	48.5c	4.63	1158c
95	Pressure cooker	Aluminum alloy	Afghanistan	548	(0, 51,021)	0.131	32.8c	3.12	780c
96	Wok	Brass	Thailand	0a	(0, 0)	0.00455	1.13	0.00549	1.38
97	Sauce pan	Brass	India	0a	(0, 1182)	0.079	19.8c	0.129	32.3c
98	Tope	Brass	India	1343	(1012, 1544)	0.418	105c	0.728	182c
100	Pital pot	Brass	India	3611	(2859, 4585)	5.72	1430c	10.8	2700c

^aMore than 50% of XRF measurements <LOD.

^bEstimated dose ≥ child IRL (2.2  µg/day) and <adult IRL (8.8  µg/day).

^cEstimated dose ≥ adult IRL (8.8  µg/day).