Table 4.
Characteristics of demographic features and survival outcomes across different subphenotypes in the validation cohort
| Variables | Subphenotype 1 | Subphenotype 2 | Subphenotype 3 | P-value | Post-hoc pair-wise analysis with p-value < 0.05 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients, n (%) | 586 (40.67%) | 224 (15.54%) | 631 (43.79%) | ||
| Age at index date, years, mean ± SD | 68.37 ± 9.94 | 68.68 ± 9.23 | 69.01 ± 9.82 | 0.628 | - |
| Gender, n (%) | 4.59E−17 | 1 vs. 2, 2 vs. 3, 1 vs. 3 | |||
| Female | 340 (58.02%) | 91 (40.62%) | 207 (32.81%) | ||
| Male | 246 (41.98%) | 133 (59.38%) | 424 (67.19%) | ||
| Race, n (%) | 0.903 | - | |||
| White | 523 (89.25%) | 198 (88.39%) | 558 (88.43%) | ||
| Non-White | 63 (10.75%) | 26 (11.61%) | 73 (11.57%) | ||
| Practice type, n (%) | 0.083 | - | |||
| Academic | 30 (5.12%) | 11 (4.91%) | 51 (8.08%) | ||
| Community | 556 (94.88%) | 213 (95.09%) | 580 (91.92%) | ||
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.073 | - | |||
| History of smoking | 519 (88.57%) | 208 (92.86%) | 580 (91.92%) | ||
| No history of smoking | 59 (10.07%) | 13 (5.80%) | 44 (6.97%) | ||
| Overall Survival | 8.53E-17 | 1 vs. 2, 2 vs. 3, 1 vs. 3 | |||
| Survival days, mean ± SD | 617 ± 490 | 473 ± 468 | 307 ± 378 | ||
| Survival days, median (Q1-Q3) | 481 (245, 851) | 319 (135, 675)) | 164 (61, 383) | ||
| Observed events, n (%) | 360 (61.43%) | 171 (76.34%) | 513 (81.30%) | ||
P-value: The p value was computed by testing differences of each variable across the three subphenotypes. Continuous normally and non-normally distributed variables were tested using one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis tests, respectively, and categorical variables were tested using the one-sided Fisher’s exact test. Post-hoc pairwise analysis: If the overall p-value across groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for a variable, post-hoc pairwise analysis was performed to identify pairwise significance. Continuous normal and non-normal variables were tested using Tukeyʼs honestly significant difference or pairwise Wilcoxon rank sum test, respectively, and categorical variables were tested by pairwise Fisherʼs test. For instance, 1 vs. 2 indicates statistically significant differences between subphenotypes 1 and 2 on the variable with p < 0.05. SD standard deviation.