Table 5.

Frequencies of behavior change techniques (BCTs) used across all studies and studies with different improved outcomes.

BCT number	BCT	All studies (N=34), n (%)	Studies with improved HIV-related knowledge (n=11), n (%)	Studies with improved condom-use self-efficacy (n=7), n (%)	Studies with improved condom use (n=14), n (%)	Combined average percentage of improved outcomes (%)
4	Prompt intention formation	34 (100)	11 (100)	7 (100)	14 (100)	100
1	Provide information about behavior-health link	33 (97)	11 (100)	7 (100)	13 (93)	97
2	Provide information on consequences	33 (97)	11 (100)	7 (100)	13 (93)	97
8	Provide instruction	33 (97)	10 (91)	7 (100)	14 (100)	97
6	Provide general encouragement	30 (88)	10 (91)	6 (86)	13 (93)	91
5	Prompt barrier identification	27 (79)	8 (73)	7 (10)	11 (79)	81
3	Provide information about others’ approval	23 (68)	7 (64)	4 (57)	11 (79)	69
19	Provide opportunities for social comparison	21 (62)	7 (64)	4 (57)	9 (64)	63
20	Plan social support or social change	20 (59)	5 (45)	4 (57)	9 (64)	56
17	Prompt practice	19 (56)	7 (64)	5 (71)	6 (43)	56
13	Provide feedback on performance	16 (47)	4 (36)	3 (43)	8 (57)	48
9	Model or demonstrate the behavior	15 (44)	6 (55)	4 (57)	6 (43)	50
18	Use follow-up prompts	12 (35)	3 (27)	1 (14)	5 (36)	28
12	Prompt self-monitoring of behavior	11 (32)	3 (27)	4 (57)	3 (21)	40
11	Prompt review of behavioral goals	8 (24)	1 (9)	1 (14)	3 (21)	15
22	Prompt self-talk	8 (24)	3 (27)	1 (14)	3 (21)	22
25	Motivational interviewing	8 (24)	3 (27)	2 (29)	2 (14)	22
7	Set graded tasks	6 (18)	0 (0)	0 (0)	3 (21)	9
10	Prompt specific goal setting	6 (18)	1 (9)	0 (0)	2 (17)	9
23	Relapse prevention	5 (15)	0 (0)	0 (0)	4 (29)	12
21	Prompt identification as role model	4 (12)	1 (9)	0 (0)	2 (14)	9
24	Stress management	3 (9)	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (14)	6
16	Agree behavioral contract	1 (3)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (7)	3
14	Provide contingent rewards	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0
15	Teach to use prompts or cues	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0
26	Time management	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0