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. 2025 May 12;25:475. doi: 10.1186/s12888-025-06921-1

Table 2.

The mean and standard deviation for the study sample variables

Variables M (SD)
Behavioral Emotion Regulation
Seeking Distraction 13.76 (1.02)
Withdrawal 14.93 (2.53)
Actively Approaching 8.37 (1.24)
Seeking Social Support 9.83 (1.32)
Ignoring 17.36 (2.04)
Total scores of behavioral emotion regulation 63.72 (7.03)
Self-Injury
Functional self-injury 13.88 (2.09)
Behavioral self-injury 95.23 (9.54)
Total score of self-injury 109.27 (12.65)
Cognitive Emotion Regulation
Positive Refocusing 4.00 (0.84)
Refocus on Planning 5.11 (0.98)
Positive Reappraisal 2.56 (0.34)
Putting into Perspective 1.43 (0.21)
Acceptance 2.07 (0.25)
Self-Blame 8.22 (1.06)
Other-Blame 6.30 (0.32)
Rumination 5.95 (0.56)
Catastrophizing 6.65 (0.86)
Total scores of cognitive emotion regulation 40 (4.69)