Table 2.
Genetic and biofilm-forming capacity characterization of the Listeria strains isolated from the food-processing plants under study. LMO: L. monocytogenes; LIN: L. innocua; LWE: L. welshimeri; FPP1 and FPP2: food-processing plants from the Basque Country; FPP3: food-processing plant from the Valencian Community; FPP4: food-processing plant from Catalonia; and FPP5: food-processing plant from Andalusia. FPE: food-processing equipment; and N.A.: not assayed.
| Genetic Characterization | Biofilm-Forming Capacity | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strain | Origin | Geographical Origin | Source | Serogroup | Lineage | 25 °C | 37 °C |
| LMO391 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Pork/Food | IIb | I | Strong | Moderate |
| LMO392 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Pork/Food | IVb | I | Strong | Moderate |
| LMO393 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Beef/Food | IIa | II | Strong | Moderate |
| LMO394 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Beef/Food | IIb | I | Strong | Moderate |
| LMO395 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | IVb | I | Strong | Moderate |
| LMO396 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | IVb | I | Strong | Moderate |
| LMO397 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | IIb | I | Strong | Strong |
| LMO398 | FPP2 | Basque Country | FPE/Environmental | IIb | I | Strong | Strong |
| LMO399 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | IIa | II | Strong | Moderate |
| LMO400 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | IIb | I | Non-Biofilm | Non-Biofilm |
| LMO401 | FPP2 | Basque Country | FPE/Environmental | IIb | I | Strong | Strong |
| LMO402 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | IIc | II | Strong | Moderate |
| LMO403 | FPP2 | Basque Country | FPE/Environmental | IIb | I | Strong | Strong |
| LMO404 | FPP2 | Basque Country | FPE/Environmental | IIb | I | Strong | Strong |
| LMO405 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Pork/Food | IIa | II | Strong | Strong |
| LMO406 | FPP5 | Andalusia | FPE/Environmental | IIc | II | Strong | Strong |
| LMO407 | FPP4 | Catalonia | Poultry/Food | IIa | II | Strong | Weak |
| LMO408 | FPP4 | Catalonia | Poultry/Food | IIa | II | Strong | Strong |
| LMO409 | FPP4 | Catalonia | Poultry/Food | IIa | II | Strong | Strong |
| LMO410 | FPP4 | Catalonia | Poultry/Food | IIa | II | Moderate | Moderate |
| LMO411 | FPP4 | Catalonia | Poultry/Food | IIc | II | Strong | Moderate |
| LMO412 | FPP4 | Catalonia | Poultry/Food | IIc | II | Strong | Strong |
| LMO413 | FPP4 | Catalonia | Poultry/Food | IIa | II | Strong | Strong |
| LMO414 | FPP4 | Catalonia | Poultry/Food | IIa | II | Strong | Moderate |
| LMO415 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Pork/Food | IVa | III | Strong | Strong |
| LMO416 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Pork/Food | IVb | I | Strong | Moderate |
| LMO417 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Beef/Food | IIa | II | Strong | Moderate |
| LMO418 | FPP1 | Basque Country | FPE/Environmental | IIb | I | Strong | Strong |
| LMO419 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | IIa | II | Strong | Strong |
| LMO420 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | IVb | I | Strong | Moderate |
| LMO421 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | IIb | I | Strong | Moderate |
| LMO422 | FPP2 | Basque Country | FPE/Environmental | IIb | I | Strong | Strong |
| LMO423 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Floor/Environmental | IIc | II | Strong | Moderate |
| LMO424 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | IIc | II | Strong | Moderate |
| LMO425 | FPP3 | Valencian Community | Poultry/Food | IVb | I | Non-Biofilm | Weak |
| LMO426 | FPP3 | Valencian Community | Poultry/Food | IVa | III | Moderate | Moderate |
| LMO428 | FPP5 | Andalusia | Pork/Food | IIc | II | Strong | Moderate |
| LIN014 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Pork/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Strong |
| LIN015 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Pork/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Strong |
| LIN016 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Beef/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Moderate |
| LIN017 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Moderate |
| LIN018 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Moderate |
| LIN019 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Strong |
| LIN020 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Moderate |
| LIN021 | FPP2 | Basque Country | FPE/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Moderate |
| LIN022 | FPP2 | Basque Country | FPE/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Moderate |
| LIN023 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Poultry/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Moderate |
| LIN024 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Poultry/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Strong |
| LIN025 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Pork/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Strong |
| LIN026 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Beef/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Weak |
| LIN027 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Pork/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Weak |
| LIN028 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Strong |
| LIN029 | FPP1 | Basque Country | FPE/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Strong |
| LIN030 | FPP1 | Basque Country | FPE/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Weak |
| LIN031 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Pork/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Moderate |
| LIN032 | FPP3 | Valencian Community | Poultry/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Weak |
| LWE002 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Weak |
| LWE003 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Floor/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Weak |
| LWE005 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Weak |
| LWE006 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Weak |
| LWE007 | FPP4 | Catalonia | Poultry/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Non-Biofilm |
| LWE008 | FPP4 | Catalonia | Poultry/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Weak |
| LWE009 | FPP4 | Catalonia | Poultry/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Non-Biofilm |
| LWE010 | FPP4 | Catalonia | Poultry/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Non-Biofilm |
| LWE011 | FPP4 | Catalonia | Poultry/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Non-Biofilm |
| LWE012 | FPP4 | Catalonia | Poultry/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Weak |
| LWE013 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Pork/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Moderate |
| LWE014 | FPP1 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Weak | Moderate |
| LWE015 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Floor/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Moderate |
| LWE016 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Moderate |
| LWE017 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Sewage/Drain/Environmental | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Moderate |
| LWE018 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Poultry/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Moderate |
| LWE019 | FPP2 | Basque Country | Poultry/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Moderate |
| LWE020 | FPP3 | Valencian Community | Poultry/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Non-Biofilm | Moderate |
| LWE021 | FPP3 | Valencian Community | Poultry/Food | N.A. | N.A. | Weak | Moderate |