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. 2025 May 7;13(9):1085. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13091085

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Forest plot and summary table of causal estimates from MVMR analyses testing for direct causal effects of T1D and continuous DM-associated variables (HbA1c, fasting insulin, and BMI) on PE. Error bars show 95% CI for overall estimates (OR) from each MR method (left).