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. 2025 Apr 24;14(9):1482. doi: 10.3390/foods14091482
MDA malondialdehyde
CAT Catalase
DPPH 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
FRAP Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power
E-Nose Electronic Nose
HS-SPME-GC-MS Headspace–Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry